Българо–византийският мирен договор от 681 г. в историографската традиция

Abstract

This article aims to trace the main publications that concern the issue of the year of the conclusion of the first Bulgarian-Byzantine peace treaty. Although 679 AD was initially considered as such, since it is indicated by the main chronological source – The Chronography of Theophanes the Confessor, it was quickly rejected after an error was found in his chronology for the period 6102 AM – 6265 AM (609/10 AD – 772/73 AD). Since then, researchers’ attention has focused on 680 and 681 AD. Those who maintain the opinion that the treaty was signed in 680 AD use as an argument the fact that both Theophanes and the others Byzantine chroniclers, who wrote on the matter, state that the treaty was signed before the convocation of the VI Ecumenical Council (November 7-th 680 AD). The supporters of 681 AD cite as their main argument the speech of the Syrian presbyter Constantine of Apameia, who openly criticized the organizers of the council that if he was admitted to the council meetings earlier and heard, the empire would not have suffered the defeat in the war with Bulgaria earlier that year. This information from Constantine of Apameia gives M. Voinov a reason to define two periods in the Bulgarian-Byzantine war: 1) the spring-autumn of 680 AD, when Bulgarians began their raidings on the imperial lands, defeated the army of Constantine IV in the battle of Ongal, and began to conquer Moesia; 2) spring-summer of 681 AD, when, after arranged his relations with the Slavic tribes, located in Moesia, Asparuch began to devastate the Byzantine possessions in Thrace. Unable to oppose him, the emperor forced himself to conclude a peace treaty with him, obliging himself to pay him an annual tribute. This thesis of his is accepted, both by most researchers and by the author of the present article.

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