Generic move structure analysis of Bulgarian business emails
a comparative perspective on BELF and native-speaker norms
Keywords:
Business English as a Lingua Franca (BELF), business email communication, genre studies, rhetorical move analysis, intercultural pragmaticsAbstract
This study examines the rhetorical move structure of Bulgarian business emails written in Business English as a Lingua Franca (BELF), comparing them across three distinct groups: Bulgarian business professionals (experimental group 1), professionals from other non-native-English nationalities (experimental group 2), and native-English-speaking business professionals (control group). Using Swales’ (1990) genre theory and move structure analysis, the study identifies key structural patterns and their pragmatic implications.
Findings reveal that both experimental groups (Bulgarian and other non-native English professionals) display unique genre adaptations influenced by cultural communication styles, particularly in openings, justifications, proposals, requests, and closings. These variations underscore the impact of cultural norms on business email conventions, contributing to a broader understanding of genre evolution in international business communication.
References
Akar, D. (1998), Patterns and Variations in Contemporary Written Business Communication in Turkey: A Genre Study of Four Companies, Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan.
Bargiela-Chiappini, F. and Nickerson, C. (Eds.), (2014), Business Discourse, Routledge.
Bazerman, C. (1988), Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science, University of Wisconsin Press.
Bhatia, V. (1993), Analyzing Genre: Language Use in Professional Settings, Routledge.
Bhatia, V. (2004), Worlds of Written Discourse: A genre-based view, Continuum.
Bhatia, V. and Candlin, C. (Eds.), (2001), Courtroom discourse, Continuum.
Biesenbach-Lucas, S. (2007), “Business e-mail communication: a discourse analysis of writing strategies in workplace e-mail”, English for Specific Purposes, 26 (1), pp. 1–18.
Bjørge, A. K. (2007), “Power distance in English lingua franca email communication”, International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 17, pp. 60–80. 10.1111/j.1473-4192.2007.00133.x.
Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. (1987), Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage, Cambridge University Press.
Casal, J. E. and Kessler, M. (2024), Rhetorical Move-Step Analysis, 10.4324/9781003300847-7.
Charles, M. (2007), “Language matters in global communication: Article based on ORA lecture, October 2006”, Journal of Business Communication, 44(3), pp. 260–282.
Cogo, A. and Dewey, M. (Eds.), (2012), Analyzing English as a Lingua Franca: A Corpus-Driven Investigation, Continuum.
Crystal, D. (2006), Language and the Internet. Cambridge University Press.
Davidkov, T. (2004), “Where does Bulgaria stand?”, Papeles del Este, 8, pp. 1–22.
Ehrenreich, S. (2010), “English as a business lingua franca in a German multinational corporation”, Journal of Business Communication, 47(4), pp. 408–431.
Evans, S. (2012), “Designing email tasks for the business English classroom: Implications from a study of Hong Kong’s professional discourse”, English for Specific Purposes, 31(3), pp. 202–212.
Gains, J. (1999), “Electronic mail — A new style of communication or just a new medium?: An investigation into the text features of e-mail”, English for Specific Purposes, 18(1), pp. 81–101.
Georgieva, M. (2011), “Global English in Bulgarian: code-mixing strategies in adult and youth discourse”, in Global English in Bulgarian Context, pp. 123–153.
Georgieva, M. (2011), Global English in Bulgarian Context, Varna, Silueti Publishing House.
Gimenez, J. (2000), “Business e-mail communication: some emerging tendencies in register”, English for Specific Purposes, 19(3), pp. 237–251.
Gimenez, J. (2006), “Embedded business emails: meeting new demands in international business communication”, English for Specific Purposes, 25(2), pp. 154–172.
Giles, H., Coupland, N. and Coupland, J. (1991), “Accommodation Theory: Communication, Context, and Consequence”, in Giles, H., Coupland, J. and Coupland, N. (Eds.), Contexts of Accommodation: Developments in Applied Sociolinguistics, Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–68.
Hall, E. T. (1976), Beyond Culture, Anchor Books.
Hofstede, G. (1980), Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Sage Publications.
Hofstede, G. (2011), “Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context”, Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
House, J. (1999), “Misunderstanding in intercultural communication: Interactions in English as a lingua franca and the myth of mutual intelligibility”, in Gnutzmann, C. (Ed.) Teaching and Learning English as a Global Language, Stauffenberg, Tübingen: Germany, pp. 73–93.
Jenkins, J. (2000), The Phonology of English as an International Language, Oxford University Press.
Jenkins, J. (2013), English as a Lingua Franca in the International University: The Politics of Academic English Language Policy, Routledge.
Jenkins, J. (2015), Global Englishes: A Resource Book for Students, Routledge (co-authored with C. Leung and M. Dewey).
Kankaanranta, A. (2005), “Professional Communication in Email”, English for Specific Purposes, 24(2), pp. 125–145.
Kankaanranta, A. (2005), English as a business lingua franca: A survey of central Finnish business professionals’ attitudes and practices, Dissertation, Jyväskylä University.
Kankaanranta, A. and Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2010), “English as a lingua franca in Nordic corporate mergers: Two case companies”, English for Specific Purposes, 29(3), pp. 208–220.
Kankaanranta, A. and Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2013), “Business communication in BELF”, in Flowerdew, J. and Lim, T. (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes, Routledge, pp. 524–538.
Kankaanranta, A. and Planken, B. (2010), “BELF competence as business knowledge of internationally operating business professionals”, Journal of Business Communication, 47(4), pp. 380–407.
Kecskés, I. (2014), Intercultural Pragmatics: Understanding Communication in a Diverse World, Oxford University Press.
Koester, A. (2006), Investigating Workplace Discourse, Routledge.
Louhiala-Salminen, L., Charles, M., & Kankaanranta, A. (2005). English as a lingua franca in Nordic corporate mergers: Two case companies. English for Specific Purposes, 24(4), 401–421.
Mauranen, A. (2006), “Signaling and preventing misunderstanding in English as a lingua franca communication”, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 177, pp. 123–150.
Miller, C. R. (1984), “Genre as Social Action”, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 70(2), pp. 151–167.
Minkov, M. and Hofstede, G. (2012), “Hofstede’s Fifth and Sixth Dimensions: New Evidence from the World Values Survey”, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(1), pp. 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022110388567
Minkov, M. (2017), “A revision of Hofstede's model of national culture: Old evidence and new data from 56 countries”, Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 25. 10.1108/CCSM-03-2017-0033.
Moreno, A. I. and Swales, J. M. (2018), “Strengthening move analysis methodology towards bridging the function-form gap”, English for Specific Purposes, 50, pp. 40–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2017.11.006
Nguyen, H. T. M. (2018), “Cultural variation in email communication strategies: A study of Vietnamese and Australian professionals”, Journal of Pragmatics, 129, pp. 20–36.
Nickerson, C. (2005), “English as a lingua franca in international business contexts”, English for Specific Purposes, 24(4), pp. 367–380.
Park, S., Jeon, J. and Shim, E. (2021), “Exploring request emails in English for business purposes: A move analysis”, English for Specific Purposes, 63, pp. 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2021.03.006
Seidlhofer, B. (2011), Understanding English as a Lingua Franca, Oxford University Press.
Swales, J. (1990), Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings, Cambridge University Press.
Swales, J. M. (2004), Research Genres. Exploration and Applications, Cambridge University Press.
Upton, T.A. and Connor, U. (2001), “Using computerized corpus analysis to investigate the textlinguistic discourse moves of a genre”, English for Specific Purposes, 20, pp. 313–329.
Vateva, T. (2020), “The Influx and Influence of Global English in Bulgaria”, Journal of International Economy and Business (JIEB), 8, pp. 22–34.
Wang, L. and Zhao, H. (2015), “Generic moves and politeness strategies in English emails written by Chinese university students”, Journal of Pragmatics, 87, pp. 102–116.
Wierzbicka, A. (2003), Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction, Mouton de Gruyter.
Zhu, Y. (2012), “Managing Business Email in the Era of International Business: What, Why, and How”, Business Communication Quarterly, 75(4), pp. 453–475.