Дизартрична симптоматика, маркери и съпътстващи дефицити в синдрома на Паркинсон

Резюме

Дизартрията е състояние, което често съпътства неврологичните заболявания от централен и периферен тип (вродени и придобити). В синдрома на Паркинсон тя е сериозно предизвикателство за всеки специалист, извършващ терапевтична или изследователска дейност с подобен род патология. Сама по себе си дизартрията засяга и разстройва всички нива на органите и структурите, отговорни за говорната продукция. При редица неврологични заболявания адекватното лечение обикновено води до подобрение или ограничаване на прогреса на дизартричната симптоматика. В синдрома на Паркинсон терапията ѝ е свързана с редица трудности поради факта, че в основата на болестта стои дегенеративен разпад от централен тип, който с времето прогресира и влошава наличната симптоматика. Причината е липса на утвърдено лечение, заменено от поддържаща терапия, която да повиши качеството на живот на болните.

Материалът описва характерните за това заболяване дисфункции във всички компоненти на говора: дишане, фонация, артикулация и прозодика. Проведеният теоретичен анализ на литературата има за цел да очертае различния и комплексен характер на дизартрията при Паркинсонов синдром, допълнена в много от случаите с признаци на говорна апраксия и дисфагия.

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