Visible utterance
aspects of visuality in Е. E. Cummings’ poetics
Keywords:
E. E. Cummings, poetics, visual poetry, language of gestureAbstract
The study focuses on the visual aspects of the poetics of the American poet and painter E. E. Cummings. It accentuates on the author’s “awareness” of the integral “wholeness” of his artistic personality. Some governing esthetic principles underlying E. E. Cummings’ oeuvre are explored together with the verbo-visual “toolbox” of techniques E. E. Cummings utilizes to impact his readers’ perceptions. Through the analysis of particular visual poems the paper elucidates the strategies E. E. Cummings employs to control the pace and tempo of the reception of his works.
References
Alexander, J. The unlikely origin of fish and chips. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8419026.stm (18 December 2009).
Baum, S. V. (editor). EETI: E. E. Cummings and the Critics. East Lansing: Michigan State UP, 1962.
Benjamin, Walter. “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction”. In: Hannah Arendt (ed.), Illuminations. London: Fontana, 1968, 217–253.
Bohn, Willard. Reading Visual Poetry. Vancouver: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, Kindle eBook, 2010.
Brown, Slater. “Review of Cummings’ ‘Tulip and Chimneys’”. In: Broom, VI [January 1924], 26–27.
Clüver, Claus. “On Intersemiotic Transposition”. In: Poetics Today, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1989, 55–90.
Cohen, Milton A. Poet and Painter: The Aesthetics of E. E. Cummings’s Early Work. Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1987. Print.
Cummings, E. E. Complete Poems, 1904–1962. Ed. George J. Firmage. New York: Liveright, 1994. Print.
Cummings, E. E. E. E. Cummings: A Miscellany Revised. Ed. George J. Firmage. New York: October House, 1965.
Cureton, Richard. “E. E. Cummings: A Study of the Poetic Use of Deviant Morphology.” Poetics Today 1.1–2 (1979): 213–244.
Cureton, Richard. “Poetic Syntax and Aesthetic Form.” Style 14 (1980): 381–40.
Cureton, Richard. “E. E. Cummings: A Case Study of Iconic Syntax.” Language and Style 14 (1981): 185–215.
Cureton, Richard. “Visual Form in E. E. Cummings’ No Thanks.” Word & Image 2 (1986): 245–77.
Friedman, Norman. E. E. Cummings: The Art of His Poetry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1960.
Gidley, Mick. “Picture and Poem: E. E. Cummings in Perspective”. Poetry Review 59 (1968), 179–95.
Heusser, Martin. I Am My Writing: The Poetry of E. E. Cummings. Tübingen: Stauffenburg Verlag, 1997.
Kennedy, Richard S. Dreams in the Mirror: A Biography of E. E. Cummings. New York: Liveright, 1980.
Kidder, Rushworth M. “E. E. Cummings, Painter”. Harvard Library Bulletin 23, April 1975.
Kidder, Rushworth M. E. E. Cummings: An Introduction to the Poetry. New York: Columbia UP, 1979.
Kidder, Rushworth M. “Cummings and Cubism: The influence of visual arts on Cummings’ early poetry”. Journal of Modern Literature, Vol. 7, No. 2, E. E. Cummings Special Number (Apr., 1979), 255–291.
Kilyovski, Vakrilen. “Estlin With Georgia On His Mind: A Reading Of E. E. Cummings’ ‘The/Sky/Was’ As An Ekphrastic Poem”. In: TREES OF KNOWLEDGE: ROOTS AND ROUTES, Essays in Honour of Michael Grancharov, Tsoneva-Mathewson, S., Rowland, Y., Kostadinova, V., (eds.), Plovdiv UP, 240–250.
Kostelanetz, Richard (ed.). Another E. E. Cummings. New York: Liveright, 1999.
Lane, Gary. I am: A study of E. E. Cummings’ Poems. Lawrence: UP of Kansas, 1976.
Levenson, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Modernism. Cambridge: CUP, 2009.
Marks, Barry. E. E. Cummings. New Haven: Yale UP, 1964.
Mitchell, W. J. T. Iconology: Image, Text, Ideology. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1986.
Moore, Marianne. The Dial, LXXX [January 1926], 49–52. Rpt. in EETI: E. E. Cummings and the Critics, Baum, S. V., editor, Michigan State University Press, 1962. 31–33.
Munson, Gorham. “Syrinx”. Secession, N 5 [July 1923], 2–11.
Nänny, Max. “Iconic Dimensions in Poetry.” On Poetry and Poetics. Richard Waswo (ed). Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1985. Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature 2 (1985): 111–35.
Nänny, Max. “Imitative Form: The Modernist Poem on the Page”. Poetry and Epistemology, Roland Hagenbűchle and Laura Skandera (eds), Regensburg: Friedrich Pustet, 1986, 221.
Nänny, Max. “Iconic Features in E. E. Cummings’ Poetry.” The Idea and the Thing in Modernist American Poetry. Ed. Cristina Giorcelli. Palermo: Ila Palma, 2001. 209–234.
Norman, Charles. E. E. Cummings: The Magic-Maker. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1964.
Rosenfeld, Paul. “E. E. Cummings” in Men Seen. New York: The Dial Press, 1925.
Rotella, Guy L. E. E. Cummings: A Reference Guide. G. K. Hall, 1979.
Tashjian, Dickran. Skyscraper Primitives: Dada and the American Avant-Garde, 1910–1925. Wesleyan, 1975.
Webster, Michael. Reading Visual Poetry after Futurism: Marinetti, Apollinaire, Schwitters, Cummings. P. Lang (New York City), 1995.
Webster, Michael. “E. E. Cummings and the Reader”. In: Lagerroth, U.-B., Lund, H., Hedling, E. (eds), Interart Poetics: Essays on Interrelations of the Arts and the Media. Rodopi, Amsterdam-Atlanta, GA, 1997. 223–232.