The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Public Diplomacy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58894/.vi10.212Keywords:
public diplomacy, NGOs, digital diplomacy, theoretical review, international relationsAbstract
One of the key debates in the field of public diplomacy in recent years relates to the positioning of non-governmental organizations within the existing paradigm. Most authors defend one of two completely opposite points of view. For some researchers the NGOs are in a position to participate equally and defend policies on their own, while others support their conceptualization as a tool for communication with a particular audience segment. The present research aims to present the two theoretical viewpoints in detail as well as the points of collision between them. Subsequently, possible directions for future empirical research are outlined, which could define the role of the NGOs in contemporary public diplomacy in a clearer manner. The present article is part of the project “Dimensions and Transformations of the Digital Public Diplomacy: Defining the Field, Communication Channels, Stakeholders and Measuring Effectiveness”, financed by the National programme “Young Scholars and Postdoctoral Students” 2021.
References
Беридж, Джеймс 2003: Berridge, G. and James, A. A Dictionary of Diplomacy. 2nd edn. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
Бьола, Джианг 2015: Bjola, C. and Jiang, L. ‘Social media and public diplomacy: a comparative analysis of the digital diplomatic strategies of the EU, US and Japan in China’, in Bjola, C. and Holmes, M. (eds) Digital diplomacy: theory and practice. New York: Routledge, pp. 71–89, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315730844
Вибер, Ким 2015: Vibber, K. and Kim, J.-N. ‘Diplomacy in a Globalized World: Focusing Internally to Build Relationships Externally’, in Golan, G. J., Yang, S.-U., and Kinsey, D. F. (eds) International Public Relations and Public Diplomacy: Comunication and Engagement. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, pp. 131–146, 2015.
Гилбоа 2015: Gilboa, E. ‘Public Diplomacy’, The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication, 2015. doi: 10.1002/9781118541555.wbiepc232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541555.wbiepc232
Грегъри 2015: Gregory, B. ‘Mapping Boundaries in Diplomacys Public Dimension’, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, pp. 1–25, 2015. doi: 10.1163/1871191X-12341317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191X-12341317
Гришам 2014: Grisham, K. E. ‘Surviving the Struggle : Engagement and the Transformation of Violent Non-state Actors’, Public Diplomacy Magazine, pp. 1–6, 2014.
Ефтимова 2017: Ефтимова, А. ‘Брюкселски новоговор или популизъм?’, Медии и език, (1), 2017. Available at: https://medialinguistics.com/2017/05/03/355/
Калинов 2015: Калинов, К. ‘Тероризмът като форма на комуникация’, Newmedia21.eu. Медиите на 21 век: Онлайн издание за изследвания, анализи, критика, 2015. Available at: https://www.newmedia21.eu/analizi/terorizmat-kato-forma-na-komunikatsiya/.
Калинов 2021: Калинов, К. Публична дипломация и тероризъм. София: УИ ‘Св. Климент Охридски’, 2021.
Карапенчев 2019: Карапенчев, Й. ‘Тенденции в създаването на прессъобщения за новите медии’, Медии и език, (6), 2019. Available at: https://medialinguistics.com/2019/10/12/copywriting-tendencies/
Коен 2013: Cohen, R. ‘Diplomacy Through the Ages’, in Kerr, P. and Wiseman, G. (eds) Diplomacy in a Globalizing World: Theories and Practices. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Къл 2009: Cull, N. J. ‘Public Diplomacy before Gullion: The Evolution of a Phrase’, in Show, N. and Taylor, P. M. (eds) Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. New York: Routledge, pp. 19–23, 2009.
Манор 2017: Manor, I. ‘America’s selfie – Three years later’, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 2017. doi: 10.1057/s41254-017-0060-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-017-0060-z
Мелисен 2005: Melissen, J. The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations. Edited by J. Melissen. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230554931
Мелисен 2011: Melissen, J. Beyond the New Public Diplomacy. The Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, 2011.
Мецгар 2012: Metzgar, E. T. ‘Public Diplomacy, Smith-Mundt and the American Public and the American Public’, Communication Law and Policy, 17(1), pp. 67–101, 2012. doi: 10.1080/10811680.2012.633807. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10811680.2012.633807
Мюлер 2009: Mueller, S. ‘The Nexus of U.S. Public Diplomacy and Citizen Diplomacy’, in Show, N. and Taylor, P. M. (eds) Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. New York: Routledge, pp. 101–107, 2009.
Райнхард 2009: Reinhard, K. ‘American Business and Its Role in Public Diplomacy’, in Show, N. and Taylor, P. M. (eds) Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. New York: Routledge, pp. 195–200, 2009.
Риордан 2005: Riordan, S. ‘Dialogue-based Public Diplomacy: a New Foreign Policy Paradigm?’, in Melissen, J. (ed.) The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations. New York and London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 180–195, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230554931_10
Ронфелд, Аркила 2009: Ronfeldt, D. and Arquilla, J. ‘Noopolitik: A New Paradigm for Public Diplomacy’, in Show, N. and Taylor, P. M. (eds) Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. New York: Routledge, pp. 352–365, 2009.
Уайзман 2004: Wiseman, G. ‘“Polylateralism” and New Modes of Global Dialogue’, in Jonsson, C. and Langhorne, R. (eds) Diplomacy, vol. III. London: Sage, pp. 36–57, 2004.
Хокинг 2005: Hocking, B. ‘Rethinking the “New” Public Diplomacy’, in Melissen, J. (ed.) The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations. New York and London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 28–45, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230554931_2
Христов 2008: Христов, Ч. Убеждаване и влияние. София: Сиела, 2008.
Христов 2014: Христов, Ч. ‘Универсалният враг’, Newmedia21.eu. Медиите на 21 век: Онлайн издание за изследвания, анализи, критика, 2014. Available at: http://www.newmedia21.eu/analizi/universalniyat-vrag/.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
