Бирата

силна напитка... и много вкусна за научилия се да я пие (Xen. An. 4.5.27)

Автори

  • Ели Филипова Българска академия на науките image/svg+xml

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.58894/AR-HBg.2025.8.36-45

Ключови думи :

траки, бира, пивоварство, брютон, сламки, напитки, симпозиум

Абстракт

Бирата е сред най-древните напитки в човешката история. Нейното производство и консумация обичайно се свързват с регионите, които не позволяват отглеждането на лозя. Изследванията от последните години обаче показват, че подобна обусловеност е рядкост и дори изключение. Така например траките, известни като любители на висококачествените вина, също пият бира. Макар че писмените сведения ни запознават с някои особености на нейната консумация, повече информация както за пиенето, така и за спецификите на пивоварството, може да бъде потърсена с помощта на археоботаниката и археологията и евентуалното свързване на определени керамични форми с приготвянето и приема на напитката.

Авторска биография

  • Автор: Ели Филипова, Българска академия на науките

    Dr Eli St. Filipova is an Аssistant Professor at the Institute of Balkan Studies with Center of Tracology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Литература (библиография)

Sources

Athenaeus, The Deipnosophist. In: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2008.01.0405%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D1

Xenophon, Anabasis. In: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0201

Literaturе

Detschew, Dimiter. Harakteristika na trakiyskiya ezik (1952). Sofiya.

Filov, Bogdan. Nadgrobnite mogili pri Duvanlii v Plovdivsko (1934). Sofiya.

Georgiev, Vladimir. Trakiyskiyat ezik (1957). Sofiya.

Georgieva, Rumyana. Hrana i hranene (kraya na II–I hil.pr.n.e) (1999). In: Etnologiya na trakite (eds. Rumyana Georgieva, Tosho Spiridonov, Mariya Reho). Sofiya, 71-111.

Kancheva-Ruseva, Tatyana, Ignatov, Veselin. Spasitelni razkopki v rayona na Nova Zagora (1998). – Izvestiya na muzeite ot Yugoiztochna Balgariya, No. 19, 21-35.

Katsarov, Gavril. Bitat na starite traki spored klasicheskite pisateli (1913). Sofiya.

Mihailov, Georgi. Trakite (1972). Sofiya.

Popov, Hristo. Tsedki (2002). In: Koprivlen. Tom 1: Spasitelni arheologicheski prouchvaniya po patya Gotse Delchev Drama 1998–1999 (eds. Peter Delev, Anelia Bozkova). Sofia, 169-173.

Stoyanov, Totko. Mogilen nekropol ot rannozhelyaznata epoha. Sboryanovo I (1997). Sofiya.

Venedikov, Ivan. Zemedelieto pri trakite (1981). In: Razvitie na zemedeleieto po balgarskite zemi (ed. Ivan Venedikov). Sofiya, 31-117.

Alworth, Jeff. The Beer Bible (2015). New York.

Amyx, Darrell, Pritchett, William. The Attic Stelai: Part III. Vases and Other Containers (1958). – Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, No. 27/4, 255-310.

Andonova-Katsarski, Mila, Varbanov, Varbin, Kazakov, Stefan, Dedov, Ivailo, Vladova, Diana. Plant Remains and What Else? Environmental Archaeology of the Late Hellenistic Pit Fills of Sexaginta Prista, Northern Bulgaria (2024). – Environmental Archaeology, 1-13.

Damerow, Peter. Sumerian Beer: The Origins of Brewing Technology in Ancient Mesopotamia (2012). – Cuneiform Digital Library Journal, No. 2, https://cdli.earth/articles/cdlj/2012-2.

Detschew, Dimiter. Die thrakischen Sprachreste (1957). Wien.

Evans, Sir Arthur. The Palace of Minos (1921). Volume I The Neolithic and Early and Middle Minoan Ages. London.

Koörte, Gustav, Koörte, Alfred, Kobert, Rudolf. Gordion: Ergebnisse der Ausgrabung im Jahre 1900 (1904). Berlin.

McGovern, Patrick. Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture (2003). Princeton University Press.

Mellink, Machteld. A Four-Spouted Krater from Karataş (1969). – Anadolu, No. 13, 69-76.

Nelson, Max. Beer in Greco-Roman Antiquity (2001). PhD Dissertation, The University of British Columbia. Vancouver.

Nelson, Max. The Barbarian’s Beverage: A History of Beer in Ancient Europe (2005). Routledge.

Özdoрan, Mehmet. Taşlicabair. A Late Bronze Age burial mound in Eastern Thrace (1987). – Anatolica, No. 14, 5-39.

Özdoрan, Mehmet. Eastern Thrace the Contact Zone between Anatolia and the Balkans (2011). In: The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia (eds. Sharon Steadman, Gregory McMahon). Oxford, 657-682.

Peck, Harry Thurston. Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898). New York.

Petre, Gheorghe, Vulpe, Alexandru. Der hallstattzeitliche Depotfund von Bistrita, Jud. Vоlcea, Rumänien (1983). – Praehistorische Zeitschrift Berlin, No. 58/1, 127-140.

Rosso, Ana Maria. Beer and wine in antiquity: beneficial remedy or punishment imposed by the Gods? (2012). – Acta medico-historica adriatica, No. 10/2, 237-262.

Sams, Kenneth. Beer in the City of Midas (1977). – Archaeology, No. 30/2, 108-115.

Tannahill, Reay. Food in History (1988). London.

Trifonov, Viktor, Petrov, Denis, Savelieva, Larisa. Party like a Sumerian: reinterpreting the ‘sceptres’ from the Maikop kurgan (2022). – Antiquity, No. 96/385, 67-84.

Valamoti, Soultana. Brewing beer in wine country? First archaeobotanical indications for beer making in Early and Middle Bronze Age Greece (2018). – Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, No. 27, 611-625.

Valamoti, Soultana et al. Prehistoric cereal foods of southeastern Europe: An archaeobotanical exploration (2019). – Journal of Archaeological Science, No. 104, 97-113.

Файлове за сваляне

Публикуван

2025-12-31

Как да цитирате

Бирата: силна напитка... и много вкусна за научилия се да я пие (Xen. An. 4.5.27). (2025). Научни известия „Наследство БГ“, 8, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.58894/AR-HBg.2025.8.36-45