RUDOLF STEINER'S (1861-1925) IDEAS AS A BASIS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF GOOD PRACTICES IN BULGARIAN SCHOOLS IN THE CONTEXTOF THE TEACHER'S ROLE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60059/ESS.2025.1.19-61Keywords:
Rudolf Steiner, Waldorf pedagogy, Waldorf school, role of the teacher, principles and methods, good school practices, Bulgarian schoolAbstract
he study is dedicated to Rudolf Steiner’s pedagogical ideas concerning the role of the teacher, examined in the context of the contemporary Bulgarian school and presented as examples of good educational practices. Based on a theoretical analysis of these practices, a survey was conducted with the aim of exploring whether and to what extent they are known to Bulgarian public school teachers, and whether and to what extent educators are willing to recognize and apply them in their future professional practice. The presented results are part of a larger study, also based on other key pedagogical ideas of Steiner.
References
Великова, М., Атанасова, П. (2020). Добри практики. Професионално образование, 3: 305–311. [Velikova, M., Atanasova, P. (2020). Dobri Praktiki. Profesionalno obrazovanie, 3: 305–311.]
Канчева, Г. (2021). Мнение на педагогически специалисти за подготовката на учителите в сферата на приобщаващото образование. Годишник на Шуменския университет „Епископ Константин Преславски“. Педагогически факултет. [Kancheva, G. (2021). Mnenie na pedagogicheskite specialisti za podgotovkata na uchitelite v sferata na priobshtavashtoto obrazovanie. Godishnik na Shumenskiya universitet “Episkop Konstantin Preslavski”. Pedagogicheski fakultet, 1: 156–182.]
Мирчева, И., Джамбазова, Е., Радева, С., Велковски, Д. (2017). Значимостта на ученето: анализ на връзките между гледните точки на ученици, родители и учители. Стратегии на образователната и научната политика, 6: 559–573. [Mircheva, I., Dvambazova, E., Radeva, S., Velkovski, D. (2017). Znachimostta na ucheneto: analiz na vryzkite mezhdu glednite tochki na uchenitsi, roditeli I uchiteli. Strategii na obrazovatelnata I nauchnata politika, 6: 559–573.]
Попова, С. (2017). Взаимодействие между повишаващата се динамика на деструктивността и превенцията на проблемните поведенчески прояви в училище. Педагогика, 9: 1236–1252. [Popova, S. (2017). Vzaimodeistvie mezhdu povishavashtata se dinamika na destruktivnostta I preventsiyata na problemnite povedencheski proyavi v ushilishte. Pedagogika, 9: 1236–1252.]
Търпоманова, Ц., Ангелова, П., Юсеинова, С., Мехмедова, Д. (2021). Ефективни интервенции за превенция на агресията на ученици от V до VIII клас. Варненски медицински форум. [Tаrpomanova, Ts., Angelova, P., Yoseinova, S., Mehmedova, D. (2021). Efektivni interventsii za preventsiya na agresiyata na uchenitsi ot V do VIII klas, Varnenski meditsinski forum.]
Шумкова, И. (2010). Проблеми в поведението – проблеми в общуването. Изследване сред юноши и девойки на възраст от 13 до 18 години. Годишник на Софийския университет „Св. Климент Охридски“, Философски факултет, Психология, 1: 313–328. [Shumkova, I. (2010). Problemi v povedenieto – problemi v obshtuvaneto. Izsledvane sred yunoshi I devoyki na vazrast ot 13 do 18 godini. Godishnik na Sofiiskiya universitet “Sv. Kliment Ohridski”, Filosofski fakultet, Psihologiya, 1: 313–328.]
Ahrons, C. R. (2007). Family ties after divorce: Long‐term implications for children. Family process, 46 (1), 53-65. DOI: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2006.00191.
Amato, P. R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. Journal of marriage and family, 62 (4), 1269-1287. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.01269.
Aspfors, J. & Bondas, T. (2013). Caring about caring: Newly qualified teachers’ experiences of their relationships within the school community. Teachers and Teaching, 19 (3), 243–259. DOI: 10.1080/13540602.2012.754158
Bibou-Nakou, I. (2003). Parental mental health/illness and children’s well-being: Implications for the educational services. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 5 (1), 6–15. DOI: 10.1080/14623730.2003.9721891
Chisango, T., Mapulazi, M., Hombarume, L., Marombere, P. & Ngwenya, B. (2024). The Effects of Adult Separation on Children's Academic and Psychological Wellbeing at School: A Case Study of Senga Primary School in Gweru, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research. ISSN: 2689-5129. Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2024, 134–151.
Crowley, J. (2018). Gray divorce: What we lose and gain from mid-life splits, University of California Press.
Davidson, R. D., O’Hara, K. L. & Beck, C. J. (2014). Psychological and biological processes in children associated with high conflict parental divorce. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 65 (1), 29–44.
Emery, R. E., Sbarra, D. & Grover, T. (2005). Divorce mediation: Research and reflections. Family court review, 43 (1), 22–37. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-1617.2005.00005.
Fox, D. J. (2001). Children of divorce: Is there a personality component? Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 35 (3–4), 107–124. DOI: 10.1300/J087v35n03_07
Garriga, A. & Pennoni, F. (2020). The causal effects of parental divorce and parental temporary separation on children’s cognitive abilities and psychological well-being according to parental relationship quality. Social Indicators Research, 1–25. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-020-02428-2
Garriga, A. & Pennoni, F. (2022). The causal effects of parental divorce and parental temporary separation on children’s cognitive abilities and psychological well-being according to parental relationship quality. Social Indicators Research, 161 (2–3), 963987. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-020-02428-2
Haggstrom, F., Borsch, A. S. & Skovdal, M. (2020). Caring alone: The boundaries of teachers’ ethics of care for newly arrived immigrant and refugee learners in Denmark. Children and Youth Services Review, 117 (105248). DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105248
Hashemi, L. & Homayuni, H. (2017). Emotional divorce: Child’s well-being. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 58 (8), 631–644.
Isenbarger, L. & Zembylas, M. (2006). The emotional labour of caring in teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22 (1), 120–134. DOI: 10.1016/j. tate.2005.07.002
Jeynes, W. H. (2002). Does parental involvement eliminate the effects of parental divorce on the academic achievement of adolescents? Journal of divorce & Remarriage, 37 (1–2), 101–115. DOI: 10.1300/J087v37n01_06
Kravdal, Ø. & Grundy, E. (2019). Children’s age at parental divorce and depression in early andmid-adulthood. Population Studies, 73 (1), 37–56. DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2018.1549747
Lansford, J. E. (2009). Parental divorce and children's adjustment. Perspectives on psychological science, 4 (2), 140–152. DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01114.
Laletas, S. & Reupert, A. (2016). Exploring pre-service secondary teachers’ understanding of care. Teachers and Teaching, 22 (4), 485–503. DOI: 10.1080/13540602.2015.1082730
Laletas, S., Reupert, A. & Goodyear, M. (2017). “What do we do? This is not our area”. Child care providers’ experiences when working with families and preschool children living with parental mental illness. Children and Youth Services Review, 74, 71–79. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.01.024
Laletas, S. & Khasin, M. (2021) Children of high conflict divorce: Exploring the experiences of primary school teachers. Children and Youth Services Review, 127 (2021) 106072. DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106072
Moen, B. (2023). The Effects of Parental Divorce and Separation on Children. Canadian Journal of Family and Youth, 15 (2), 2023, 139–145. ISSN 1718-9748© University of Alberta. DOI: 10.29173/cjfy29926
Montagna, P. (2019). Parental alienation and Parental Alienation Syndrome. Psychoanalysis, Law and Society.
Nowak-Fabrykowski, K. (2007). Developing caring dispositions in preservice teachers: pilot project. Teacher Education and Practice, 20 (4), 444–463.
Potter, D. (2010). Psychosocial well‐being and the relationship between divorce and children's academic achievement. Journal of marriage and family, 72 (4), 933–946. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00740.
Reiter, S. F., Hjörleifsson, S., Breidablik, H. J. & Meland, E. (2013). Impact of divorce and loss of parental contact on health complaints among adolescents. Journal of public health, 35 (2), 278–285. DOI: 10.1525/9780520968110
Robinson, M., Butler, I., Scanlan, L., Douglas, G. & Murch, M. (2003). Children’s experience of their parents’ divorce. – In: Children and the changing family, 88–101. Routledge.
Roeper, T. & Bennett, N. G. (2015). The evolving economic consequences of divorce. – In: Мeetings of the Population Association of America, San Diego.
Siegel, J. P. (2007). The enduring crisis of divorce for children and their parents. Play therapy with children in crisis: Individual, group, and family treatment, 133–151.
Smilansky, M. (1991). The Challenge of growing – needs, stress and coping. Tel Aviv: Ramot.
Taggart, G. (2011). Don’t we care? Тhe ethics and emotional labour of early years professionalism. Early Years, 31 (1), 85–95. DOI: 10.1080/ 09575146.2010.536948
Van Zyl, L. (1997). Divorce mediation and the best interests of the child. HSRC.
Yin, H., Huang, S. & Chen, G. (2019). The relationships between teachers’ emotional labor and their burnout and satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Educational Research Review, 28, Article 100283.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Веляна Пенкова

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.