Tereni - eISSN: 2738-7674 is an online scientific periodical with double anonymous peer review. It was established in 2020 as a continuation of the Ethnologia Academica series (print edition published by the Academic Publishing House of Sofia University since 1999). The journal publishes articles in Bulgarian and English and is aimed equally at young and established researchers working in the social sciences, with a preference for ethnology, cultural anthropology, history, folkloristics, museology. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Academic Ethnological Association at the Faculty of History of Sofia University"St. Kliment Ohridski"
The text presents a reflexive approach to sensory studies as it thinks and develops the concepts of sensory corpus (via Schulze, 2018 and Nancy, 2003) and sensescape (Portreous, 1990; Howes, 2022; 2023; Pink, 2015, Zlatkova 2020; 2022) as extended sensoriums (Laplantine 2015), which can sense different modalities of corporealites, matters, structures, and objects. Sensory criticism can analyze these modalities, but also highlight the multifaceted dispositives of silence embodied in the sensory corpuses: normative/repressive, aesthetic, sociocultural and physical. Thus one might highlight embodied practices and sensations and generate data from sensory corpuses as “similar” or “foreign” (even as humanoid aliens per (Schulze 2018). Sensory data and the highlighted modalities in and through the analysis can be stable, generative, particular, or bordering (Pink and Schultz), but this does not mean that they cannot be accessed and/or mapped through sensory critiques that are grounded in bodily epistemology (Schulze 2018) and embodiment in a given situational terrain, multisensory interview or already constructed and codified in other media (see Zlatkova 2022) that contain sensory data and/or specific sensory modalities. Sensory criticism deals with the analysis of objects and structures as well as with the analytics of phenomenology, with thick description (Schulze 2018: 52), autoethnography and modal anthropology (which Laplantine develops, i.e. heuristically speaking: not (only) the knowledge of something, but also the sensation of it). This makes sensory criticism a flexible transdisciplinary tool for in theoria, in situ and in vivo analyses.The article also examines and analyzes sensory and autoethnographic data, as well as other data generated by sensory corpuses and their sensescapes. References: Vodolazkin, E. 2020. Lavar. Sofia: Panorama. Prev. Antonia Pencheva Vodolazkin, E. 2024 Chagin. Sofia: Panorama. Prev. Antonia Pencheva Gradev, V. 2019 Priblizhavania. Sofia: Fondatsia "Komuniutas" Dolar, M. 2010 Samo glas i nishto poveche. Sofia: Altera. Prev. Georgi Iliev Deyanova, L 2009 Ochertania na malchanieto. Istoricheska sotsiologia na kolektivnata pamet. Sofia: Kritika i humanizam Iliev, I. 2019 Stroiteli na obshtnosti i profesionalni chuzhdentsi. Sofia: SU "Kliment Ohridski" Tenev, D. 2020 Rezonansat kato pamet V: Vreme i pamet. Yubileen sbornik za 70-godinishinata na Lilyana Deyanova, sast. Grekova, M., Kabakchieva, P., Hristov, M., Yakimova, M. Pancheva, E, Licheva, A., Yanakieva, M. 2007 Teoria na literatata. Ot Platon do posmodernizma. Sofia: IK "Kolibri" Zlatkova, M. 2022 "Tyutyun, metal i kaldaram": setivnost, pamet i nematerialno kulturno nasledstvo v grada V: Kapanite na grada: nematerialno kulturno nasledstvo, sast. Petkova, B. i Karadzhov, V. Zlatkova, M. 2020b Grad i setivnost - vazmozhni podhodi kam senzornata etnografia na grada V: Po spiralata na poznanieto. Yubileen sbornik po sluchay 80 godini ot rozhdenieto na prof. d.f.n. Todor Iv. Zhivkov (1938-2001), sast. Elchinova, M., Malchev, R. Sofia: NBU Zlatkova, M. (2022)c Zavrashtane v rodnoto selo - zhizneni prehodi i migratsii V: Fragmenti ot seloto v prehod, sast. Dimitrova, S., Parusheva, D., Plovdiv: Universitetsko izdaltestvo "Paisiy Hilendarski" Stoilova, E. 2022 Sotsialno konstruirane i definirane na lokalnost V: fragmenti ot seloto v prehod, sat. Dimitrova, S. Parusheva, D., Plovdiv: Universitetsko izdaltestvo "Paisiy Hilendarski Penkova, S. 2022 Protivorechia na nasledstvoto - zhivite razkazi na i za prehoda V: Fragmenti ot seloto v prehod, sast. Dimitrova, S., Parusheva, D., Plovdiv: Universitetsko izdaltestvo "Paisiy Hilendarski". Zhivkov, T. I. 2001 Uvod v etnologiyata. Plovdiv: Universitetsko izdaltestvo "Paisiy Hilendarski" Murakami, H. 2023 1Q84. Sofia: IK "Kolibri". Prev. Ventsislav K. Venkov. Nansi, Zh. L. 2003 CORPUS. Sofia: IK "LIK" . Prev. Boyan Manchev Nikolova, N. 2020 Excrementum: setiva na blizostta. Kritika i humanizam Parusheva, D. 2023 "Dolu pravitelstvoto! Da zhivee karikaturata!!" (Politika, kultura i karikatura v Bulgaria v nachaloto na XX vek. Plovdiv: Universitetsko izdatelstvo "Paisiiy Hilendarski" Sabeva, S. (2023). Nadzhivyavania. Sofia: Iztok-Zapad Stepanova, M. (2019). V pamet na pametta. Plovdiv: Zhanet 45. Shniter, M. 2017 Patishtata prez pravoslavnia ritual. Sofia: Iztok – Zapad Ulf, V. 2022 Valnite. Sofia: List. Prev. Iglika Vasilieva Corbin, A. 2018 A history of silence. Paris: Polity Press. Trans. Jean Birrell Howes, D. 2022 The sensory studies manifesto. University of Toronto Press. Howes, D. 2023 Sensorial Investigations A History of the Senses in Anthropology,. The Pennsylvania State University Press. Ingold, T. 2021 Correspondences. Polity press. Laplantine, F. 2015 The Life of the Senses. Bloomsbury. Trans. Jamie Furniss Nancy, J.-L. 2007 Listening. New York: Fordham University Press. Trans. Charlote Mandell Pink, S. 2015 Doing Sensory Enthography (2nd edition). SAGE. Law, L. 2005 Home Cooking Filipino Women and Geographies of the Senses in Hong Kong In: Empire of the Senses, ed. Howes, D. Portreous, J. D. 1990 Landscapes of the Mind Worlds of sense and methaphor. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Schulze, H. 2018 The Sonic Persona: An Anthropology of Sound. London: Bloomsbury. Bille, M 2024 Talking about felt spaces: on vagueness and clarity in interviews In: The Routledge International Handbook of Sensory Ethnography, ed. Vannini, P. Maraksuela, V. 2024 Beyond the human: a sensory ethnographer's gaze on sport fishing practice In: The Routledge International Handbook of Sensory Ethnography, ed. Vannini, P. Onlayn iztochnitsi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKMBcuA1l4M (19.10.2024) https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/culture/2024/10/135_384267.html (22.19.2024). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ONBBCvhuv0 (21. 10. 2024). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rla2CH-1aqI&t=2716s (23. 10.2024). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uj_JtEsqFMs&t=1s (09.08.2024). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6G1xDZJe7-U (22.10.2024).
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
"White Indians" as a cultural phenomenon
In his long-term studies of the so-called Indianist organizations, the author analyzes the reasons for the keen European interest in the Native Americans, which led to the emergence of these groups. The particular report is focused on an impressive cultural phenomenon that appears to be such a reason – the “white Indians”. Its roots go back to the history of North America in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, when many Euro- Americans were adopted into various Indian tribes and refused to leave them not only when given the opportunity, but even under duress. The report examines the impact of their life- stories on contemporary Indianists, as well as on the new dimension of the phenomenon after the end of traditional “Indian times”. In the Canadian woods or on the literary field, new “white Indians” become a source of inspiration for members of Indianist organizations, many of whom see themselves as part of the same phenomenon. References: Knigi Karuud, Dzh. O. 1973, Ravninite na Abraam – Sofia, Narodna kultura; 2013, Iztok-Zapad. Monten, M. dyo, 1979, Opiti, t. I – Sofia, Nauka i izkustvo. Sat-Ok 1964, 1972, Zemyata na Solenite skali – Sofia, Narodna mladezh. Sat-Ok, Rasulova A. 1976, 1980, Tainstvennыe sledы – Moskva, Detskaya literatura. Sivata Sova 1975, Priklyucheniyata na Seydzho i neynite bobri – Sofia, Narodna mladezh. Sitan, A. T. 1968, Lovtsi v severnite gori – Sofia, ZEMIZDAT. Todorov, Ts. 1992, Zavladyavaneto na Amerika – vaprosat za drugia – Sofia, Universitetsko izdatelstvo Sv. Kliment Ohridski. Yurgen, A. 1960, Sinyata ptitsa. Osinoveniyat ot irokezite – Sofia, Narodna kultura. Calloway C., Gemünden G., Zantop, S. (Eds.) 2002, Germans and Indians: Fantasies, Encounters, Projections. Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press. Carter, F. 1976, The Education of Little Tree, New York, Dell Publishing Company. Cartier, J. 2002, Voyages au Canada, Québec, Lux Éditeur. Derounian-Stodola, K. Z. 1998, Introduction, Women's Indian Captivity Narratives, New York: Penguin Books. Drimmer, F. (Ed.) 1985, Captured by The Indians: 15 Firsthand Accounts, 1750-1870, New York, Dover Publications, Inc. Fitzpatrick, A. 2020, Captives and Kin in the Ohio Country, Wheeling, WV, Fort Henry Publications. Fitzpatrick, A. 2016, The White Indians: The Untold Story of the Captives Who Never Came Back, Wheeling, WV, Fort Henry Publications. Grey Owl 1934, Pilgrims of the Wild, London: Lovat Dickson & Thompson. Grey Owl 1936, Tales of an Empty Cabin, London: Lovat Dickson & Thompson. Grey Owl 1932, The Men of the Last Frontier, London, Country Life Ltd. Keely, L. H. 1996, War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage, Oxford University Press. Rosiak, D. 2017, Biało-czerwony. Tajemnica Sat-Okha, Czarne, Wołowiec. Sat-Okh 1958, Ziemia słonych skał. Warszawa, Czytelnik Seton, E. T. 1903, How Boys Can Form A Band of Indians, Philadelphia, Curtis Publishing Company. Seton, E. T. 1906, The Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians, Garden City, NY, Doubleday. Seton, E. T. 1904., The Red Book, New York, publ. by the Author. Smith, J. 2010, An Account of The Remarkable Occurrences in The Life and Travels of Col. James Smith During His Captivity with The Indians in The Years 1755-1759, Whitefish, Kessinger Legacy Reprints. Tanner, J., Edwin, J. 1830, A Narrative of the Captivity and Adventures of John Tanner During Thirty Years Residence Among the Indians in the Interior of North America. New York: G. & C. & H. Carvili. Williams, J. 1987, The Redeemed Captive – Returning to Zion, Carlisle, Applewood Books. Materiali v sbornitsi i spisania Grigorova, M. 2019, „Polskiyat indianets“ pisatelyat Sat-Ok – legenda i dekonstruktsia v knigata na Dariush Roshyak „Byalo-cherveniyat. Taynata na Sat-Ok“ – v STUDIA PHILOLOGICA UNIVERSITATIS VELIKOTARNOVENSIS, Vol. 38/1 – Veliko Tarnovo. Kyumyurdzhiev L. 2020, Obshtestvo “Orloviyat krag“ – balgarskiyat otgovor na fenomena „indianski grupi“ na Staria kontinent, ANAMNEZA, God. XV, kn. 4. [Nyama posochen avtor – prevoden material] dekemvri 1979, Zhivot pri indiantsite – v sp. BTA-Paraleli, br. 52, god. XV, 27-31. [Nyama posochen avtor] 1996, Pervaie amerikantai, Sankt-Peterburg, br. 1 Dubois, D. 1993, Indianism in France in European Review of Native American Studies, 7:1. Hamalainen, R. 1998, “We Are the Mystic Warriors of Finland”: Finish Indianism in European Review of Native American Studies, 12:1. Jehlicka, P. 2008, Indians of Bohemia: The Spell of Woodcraft on Czech Society 1912-2006 in Sport-Ethnie-Nation: Zur Geshichte und Soziologie des Sports in Nationalitatenkonflikten und bei Minoritaten – Baltamannsweiler, Schneider Verlag Hohengehren. Nagy, I. 1993, Indianism in Hungary in European Review of Native American Studies, 7:1. Schuon, F. 1990, The Sacred Pipe in The Feathered Sun. Plains Indians in Art and Philosophy – Bloomington, World Wisdom Books. Taylor, C. F. 1988, The Indian Hobbyist Movement in Europe in Washburn, W.E. & Sturtevant, W.C. (eds.), Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 4: History of Indian- White Relations – Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. Turski, B. 1993, The Indianist Groups in the G.D.R. – Development – Problems – Prospects in European Review of Native American Studies, 7:1. White, L. J. 1969, White Women Captives of Southern Plains Indians, 1866-1875, Journal of the West 8. Internet iztochnitsi d'Angheria, Pietro M. 1530, De Orbe Novo (na latinski ezik); 1555, London (parvo izdanie na angliyski ezik): https://archive.org/details/deorbenovoeightd01angh/mode/2up?view=theater (1.12.2024) Rowlandson, M. 1682, The Sovereignty and Goodness of God: Being A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson – Cambridge, Massachusetts: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/851/851-h/851-h.htm (1.12.2024) Seaver, James E. 1824, Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison – Pembroke: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6960/6960-h/6960-h.htm Vaughan, Alden T., Richter, Daniel K., Crossing the Cultural Divide: Indians and New Englanders, 1605–1763: https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517639.pdf (1.12.2024)
Virtual communities and the mobilization of civic activism through online social networks
The study aims to examine virtual communities as a hub of people sharing a common passion and cause, by paying particular attention to cyberspace as a field of expression and as a means of mobilising civic activism. A specific object of study is the virtual group “Freedom for Hemp (and other things) Social club”. The paper explores the nature and activities of the Facebook group, its rules, the civic movements and events connected to it based on a field study on the community, including its virtual and physical manifestations, and discusses their relation to the overall Bulgarian reality. References: Georgieva, Gergana 2018. Chovekat vav virtualnata obshtnost. V: Medialog/Medialog, IV, 60-75. Gradev, D. Marinov, A. 2021. Internet talpite, Sofia, Universitetsko izdatelstvo „Sv. Kliment Ohridski“. Daulova, T. 2020. Osnovopolagashta ramka za harakterizirane na modeli na virtualni obshtnosti. V: Sbornik s dokladi ot doktorantski seminar №1. Razrabotki na doktoranti ot katedra „Medii i obshtestveni komunikatsii“ – UNSS. Dermendzhieva, G. 2007. Neshto kato onlayn obshtnosti, neshto kato psihologia na virtualnata komunikatsia, neshto kato nishto na sveta. V: Literaturata, II, 17-27. Zinovieva, I. Kiryakov, M.2014. Psihologia na choveka vav virtualnia svyat. V: Godishnik na Sofiyski universitet „Sv. Kliment Ohridski“. Filosofski fakultet. Psihologia, II, 5-18. Ilieva, A. 2014. Kiberprostranstvoto – prostranstvo na serioznoto i igrovoto. V: Sb. „Dobre doshli v Kiberia! Zapiski ot digitalnia teren“, Sofia, 140-146. Nikolova, H. 2021. Digitalnite tehnologii kato arena na demokratizatsia i aktivizirane na grazhdanskoto obshtestvo. V: Sb. „Novite realnosti i politicheskata nauka“, Sofia, 405-419. Prodanov, H. 2012. Digitalnata politika. Veliko Tarnovo, izd. „Faber“. Spasov, O. 2011. Mobilizirane sega: Partii, grazhdanski dvizhenia i novi medii. V: Sb. „Novi medii – novi mobilizatsii“. Sofia, 284-321. Hristova, M. 2017. Internet kato instrument za zaemane na aktivna grazhdanska pozitsia v kiberprostranstvoto i za mobilizirane na grazhdanska aktivnost izvan nego. V: Problemi na postmodernostta, III, 269-296. Davis, A. 2005. Abolition Democracy: Beyond Prisons, Torture, and Empires, New York: Seven Stones Press, 2005. p. 112 Rheingold, Howard. The Virtual Community. www.rheingold.com
The festival “Raising the kunas” in the village of Yavrovo
The article presents a religious procession carried out in the village of Yavrovo, Kuklen municipality, which takes place on the eighth Thursday after Easter, or Spasovday, and is called by the locals Raising the kunas (icons). The festival has long-standing traditions, and in 2012 it was included in the cultural festivals “Kuklen – let’s re-create the traditions”, as a part of the project “Kuklen live”, financed with European programs. The text examines the recognition of the holiday as an ancient custom as well as the participation, personal and institutional by the church board, of people connected to the village, guests, community center, the mayor’s office and municipal institutions, in the re-creation of traditions. References: Arnaudov, M. 1943. Balgarski narodni praznitsi. Sofia. Arnaudov, M. 1971. Studii varhu balgarskite obredi i legendi T. I, Sofia. BAN Vakarelski, Hr. 1943. Balgarski praznichni obichai. Sofia. Vasileva, M. 1985. Kalendarni praznitsi i obichai — V: Etnografia na Bulgaria. T. III, Sofia, 89-139. Zarev,P. 1985. Ot regionalnoto kam vsenarodnoto — V: Minaloto na Yavrovo, Devin i Manastir. Plovdiv. G. Danov 5-9 Yordanova, K. 2020. Praznitsi i praznuvane v nachaloto na XXI v.(po primera na obshtina Banite) – V: Spomen za selo. Sofia UI „Kliment Ohridski” 39-69 Karadzhov, V. 2018. Litiyni shestvia i savremenni gradski praznitsi po primera na grad Asenovgrad – V: „Savremennata svyatost: istoria, obrazi, simvoli, praktiki“ . Plovdiv 2018. 265-274 Karamihova, M. 2020. Za traditsiite dnes — V: Gradivo za izsledvane na traditsiite. Veliko Tarnovo. Faber. 9-26 Kovacheva–Kostadinova, V. 2005. Nakiti i hristiyanstvo prez Vazrazhdaneto — V: Balgarska etnologia br.3-4. 7-23 Marinov, D. 1994. Narodna vyara i religiozni narodni obichai. Sofia. BAN Nikolov, Yо. 1985. Za tipologiyata na sotsialisticheskite rituali — V: Balgarska etnologia br.4. 37-46. Petrov, P. 1997. Saborat v Raduil. Za sotsialisticheskata transformatsia na edin religiozen praznik — V: Balgarski folklor br.3-4.104-129. Roydeva, Ya. 2004. Gradat,seloto i promyanata na praznichno-obrednata sistema na balgarite prez vtorata polovina na XX –ti vek — V: Problemi na savremennata etnologia 141-179 Fol, V. 2000. Ogan I muzika Sofia. AI "Prof. Marin Drinov" Haytov, N. 1958. Minaloto na selo Yavrovo Sofia. BAN Haytov, N. 1985. Minaloto na Yavrovo, Devin i Manastir Plovdiv. G.Danov Yankov, A. 2000. Praznichni shestvia v kalendara na balgarite katolitsi ot Plovdivsko — V: Balgarska etnologia br.2. 62-67. Internet iztochnitsi: Koleva, D. 2021. Praznitsite pri sotsializma i tehnite upotrebi — V: Seminar_BG Broy 20. Kogato izmislyahme praznitsite. https://seminar-bg.eu/spisanie-seminar-bg/broy20/789-praznitsite-pri-sotsializma-i-tehnite-upotrebi.html (Последно посетен на 15.11.2024г.) Metodiev, M. 2007. Obezlichavaneto na Pravoslavnata tsarkva ot komunisticheskata darzhava Sayt Dveri na Pravoslavieto https://dveri.bg/component/com_content/Itemid,100658/catid,120/id,4839/view,article/. (Последно посетен на 15.11.2024 г.) Metodiev, M. 2018. Komunisticheskata darzhava sreshtu hristiyanskite praznitsi — V: Seminar_BG Broy 20. Kogato izmislyahme praznitsite https://seminar-bg.eu/spisanie-seminar-bg/broy20/788-komunisticheskata-darzhava-sreshtu-hristiyanskite-praznitsi.html (Последно посетен на 15.11.2024 г.) Broshura vdigane na kunite https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/broshura-kunite-1908/14039926 (Последно посетен на 15.11.2024г.) Sayt Kuklen na zhivo. https://live.kuklen.org. (Последно посетен на 15.11.2024г.) Youtube kanal na Georgi Filipov https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpDdtIMsma0. (Последно посетен на 15.11.2024г.) Shema za bezvazmezdna finansova pomosht BG161PO001/1.1-10/2010 „Podkrepa za sazdavane i promotirane na inovativni kulturni sabitia” <a href="https://econ.bg/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89-BG161PO001-1-1-102010%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-_l.ep_i.372506.html">https://econ.bg/ (Последно посетен на 15.11.2024г.)
Aspects of local identity - the second half of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century
The article presents the initial findings from fieldwork in connection with a dissertation study on the development of local identity in Bansko and Razlog during the period from the second half of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century. It addresses the uniqueness and distinctiveness of the respective community, based on local culture, history and social practices. The study explores how local people perceive themselves and what unites them as a community. The article discusses economic and social factors, particularly the impact of tourism, globalization and the market on local identity, and how culture adapts in a rapidly changing environment. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used, including archival research, interviews with local residents and analysis of cultural and social events. The study is expected to provide up-to-date data on cultural change. The primary goal of the research is to identify the key manifestations of contemporary identity and the mechanisms driving transformation in the community and to explore opportunities for preserving authentic culture in the context of global trends. References: Baleva, R. 2005. Edin zhivot za Bansko. Sofia: UI "Sv. Kliment Ohridski". Bauman, Z. 1999. Globalizatsiyata: Posleditsite za choveka. Sofia: ISBN 9546072257. Markova, M. 2009. Lokalnata identichnost v golemia grad (Etnolozhko izsledvane). V: Balgarski folklor, 3-4, 193-199. Dostapno na: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=15519 (последно посетен на 01.11.2024 г.) Nedyalkova, A., Bauman, Z. i Filipov, D. 2005. Globalizam, regionalizam i antiglobalizam. Sofia: Albatros. Santova, M. i Mitseva, E. 1996. Bansko. Izsledvania i materiali. Sofia: PK "Dimitar Blagoev". Toncheva, V. 2013. Lokalna identichnost – upotrebi na termina. V: Balgarski folklor, 2, 153-168. Dostapno na: https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=108526 (последно посетен на 19.10.2024 г.) Fukuyama, F. 2016. Politicheski red i politicheski upadak. Iztok-Zapad. ISBN 9786191529520. Onlayn iztochnitsi: ZEMLYACHESKA SRESHTA – SABOR V SELO GOSTUN https://bansko.bg/bg/(3.11.2024 г.) Ofitsialen sayt na dzhaz festival v Bansko. Dostapno na: https://banskojazzfest.bg/ (3.11.2024 г.) Strategia za ustoychivo razvitie na turizma v Obshtina Bansko za perioda 2022 g.- 2027 g. Dostapno na: https://shorturl.at/ukzbw (последно посетен на 3.11.2024 г.) Prilozhenia: Snimki ot lichen arhiv na avtora: Kurban po sluchay Uspenie Bogorodichno v Bansko na 15 avgust 2024 g. Snimka ot sabora v selo Gostun na 10 avgust 2024 Kontsert na Valya Balkanska v Bansko 23 avgust 2024 g.
“Heroes” of the Transition – the image and influence of chalga performers and mutras in post- socialist Bulgaria
At the end of 1989, the transition from communism and totalitarianism to a market economy and democracy began in Bulgaria. During the first decade of it, the images of chalga performers and mutras came to the fore. The current study traces the emergence of the two types of figures and the interrelationship between them while also paying attention to the reasons and prerequisites for the mutras and chalga performers to become a phenomenon and to affect the development of Bulgaria in an economic and cultural aspect. References: Vasileva-Grueva, P. 2013. Byahme bortsi, sega veche sme biznesmeni – Mediynite geroi na Prehoda. V: Prehodat v Bulgaria – pameti i refleksii. Sastav. M. Gruev. Sofia: Izd. Sdruzhenie Anamnezis Vasileva-Grueva, P. 2020. Chalgata kato metafora za istoriyata na prehoda. V: How To Forget Your Past Fast. Sastav. M. Atanasov. Sofia Vodenicharov, P. 2021. Za pola, dzhendara i seksizma v balgarskata kultura i ezik. V: Ezikov svyat“ (Orbis Linguarum). Gl. redak. M. Kostova-Panayotova. Blagoevgrad Debryune, N. 2020. Subkulturata na chalgata/popfolka i prehodat. V: Subkulturite kato aktivni subekti na prehoda. Sastav. Al. Karakachanov. Sofia: Akad. Izd. „Za bukvite – O pismenehy“ Dimov, V. 2009. Za chalgata s omerzenie i obich. V: Novite mladi i novite medii. Redaktor/i: Ivaylo Dichev i Orlin Spasov. Sofia: Izd. Institut Otvoreno obshtestvo. Kalinova, Ev. I. Baeva. 2010. Balgarskite prehodi 1939 – 2010. Sofia. Raychev, A. Stoychev K. 2008. Kakvo se sluchi? Razkaz za prehoda v Bulgaria i malko sled nego. Sofia. Rice, T. 2004. Music in Bulgaria: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. Oxford University Press. Onlayn iztochnitsi: Vsichki zrelostnitsi ot plovdivsko uchilishte s dvoyki na maturata po BEL. (9 yuni 2023 g.). V: dir.bg. Izvlecheno na 21 yuni 2023 g. ot: Rezultati Ivan Kostov: Az sam absolyutno svoboden! (18 april 2019 g.). V: „Ploshtad Slaveykov“. Izvlecheno na 4 dekemvri 2024 g. ot: Ivan Kostov Sofi Marinova: Mutrite me pozlatiha! (24 mart 2016 g.). V: lifestyle.bg. Izvlecheno na 20 yuni 2023 g. ot: Sofi Marinova Folklegendata Dzhoni: Bog me iztseri sled tezhka katastrofa. (26 yuni 2020 g.). V: Bulgaria Dnes. Izvlecheno na 30 noemvri 20204 g. ot: Dzhoni
Monuments of socialism in the region of Shumen
The article examines monuments of socialism that were preserved to prsent day in the region of Shumen. The monument “The Creators of the Bulgarian State”, also known as “1300th Anniversary of the Bulgarian State” the people who created it, are a specific focus of the study. The monument is an architectural complex dedicated to the 1300th anniversary of the establishment of the Bulgarian state. The monument, inaugurated in November 1981, is located in the highest part of the Danube plain, the Shumen Plateau, at 450 meters above sea level, towering over the city of Shumen. References: Asman, Y. 2001. Kulturnata pamet. Sofia Dobrev, D. 2024. Razgovor za izkustvoto. Sofia, 2024. Rikyor, P. 2004. Pamyaty, zabvenie M.,2004. Halbvaks, Moris. 1996. Kolektivnata pamet. Sofia: Kritika i humanizam, 1996. 26-32
Introduction of “modern” technique in newly liberated Bulgaria
This article discusses the new trends in the introduction of modern technology such as gramophones and radios in newly liberated Bulgaria. New technology triggers social and cultural changes in the traditional society. The study covers specific radio sets and gramophones present on the Bulgarian free market. After the First World War, entertainment equipment was also locally produced, as dynamic competitiveness, combination of multiple factors and new companies such as “Admiral”, “Bralt”, “Rodno Radio”, “Tulan”, etc. appeared. References: Peycheva, L. 2008 Mezhdu Seloto i Vselenata: starata folklorna muzika ot Bulgaria v novite vremena. Sofia, Akademichno izdatelstvo „Prof. Marin Drinov“,. ISBN 978-954-322-257-5 Tsurakov, A. 2008 Entsiklopedia na pravitelstvata, narodnite sabrania i atentatite v Bulgaria, Knigoizdatelska kashta Trud, Sofia, , s. 472 ISBN 978-954-528-790-9 Klooster, J.W. Icons of Invention: The Makers of the Modern World from Gutenberg to Gates. ABC-CLIO, 2009. Millard, A. America on Record: A History of Recorded Sound. Cambridge University Press, 1995. Internet iztochnitsi: Museums Victoria - https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/items/1361293 – aktiven kam 10.11.2024г. Rusenskite radioaparati BRALT - https://roustchouk.bg/ (10.11.2024 г.) Tulan - https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD (10.11.2024г.) Balgarskite radioaparati „Tulan“ ot predi vek - https://voinaimir.info/2019/10/tulan-bg-radio/ (10.11.2024г.) Radioaparat Tulan - https://sandacite.bg/%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD/ (10.11.2024г.) Parvite balgarski radioaparati „Tulan“ - https://bnr.bg/burgas/post/100967695 (10.11.2024г.)
Kiptî / قبطی / - çingene / چینكانه / gypsies in the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Turkey
The topic of the life, lifestyle and history of the Gypsies, however laborious, due to the lack of authentic source material and the use of indirect ones, has aroused and continues to arouse research interest. The problems discussed in this study are insufficiently covered by the researchers of the Gypsy ethnicity both in Bulgaria and abroad, and, following the direction of the Historical Positivism, I believe that the study of the said ethnicity’s past should also include the origin of the name by which this ethnicity travels through time and space. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the origin, meaning, way of use and formation of the names “Kıptî” and “Chingene” by which the Gypsy ethnicity was named and registered in the Ottoman administration over the centuries, and to inquire for what reason the name Çingene / چینكانه / is preferred in modern Turkish while Kıptî / قبطی / - Gypsies was abandoned. References: Ersin, Ya. 2023. Sotsialno-demografska struktura na Karaferskite Kopti v Osmanskata imperia. Mezhdunarodno spisanie za ikonomika, politika, humanitarni i sotsialni nauki, 6 (2), 2023. Ivanova, Sv. 2012. Shtrih ot istoriyata na romite v balgarskite zemi v nachaloto na XVI v. – V: Naselenie, br. 3-4. Sofia: BAN, s. 23–52 Marushiakova, E. Popov. V. 2012. Tsigani v Iztochna Evropa Kurs lektsii. Sofia: Paradigma. Melia, Zh. 1929. Mustafa-Kemala ili Nova Turtsia. Prevod: Al. Papancheva. Sofia: Pechatnitsa „El. Petkova“,. Mircheva, K. 2003. Tsiganite v balgarskata slovestnost prez XIX vek. V: Balkanskite identichnosti v balgarskata kultura. Sastavitel: Nikolay Aretov, t. 4, 159 – 182. Farkova, M. 2012. Romite na Balkanite po vreme na Osmanskata imperia. V: Naselenie, br. 3-4. Sofia: BAN, 72 – 90. Zürcher, E. 2010. The young turk legacy and nation building. From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk’s Turkey. London I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, s. 232 Kamil, M.1986. Coptic Egypet. Cairo, 1986. Rechnitsi: Dobrev I. 2009. Akademichen Tursko-balgarski rechnik – 45 375 rechnikovi edinitsi. Pod nauchnata redaktsia na: prof. d-r Ivan Dobrev. Sofia: RIVA, 2009. Tilkov, St. 1896. Malak Tursko-balgarski rechnik. Izdanie i pechat na knizharnitsata K. G. Samardzhiev & S – ie, Solun i Prilep. Solun: Skoropechatnitsa na S. Muartori S – ie,. Pesheva, E., A. Mahdavi, H. Fiyuzi, R. Merhaz 2009. Presiysko – balgarski rechnik. Avtorski kolektiv: Pesheva, E., A. Mahdavi, H. Fiyuzi, R. Merhaz. Pod nauchnata redaktsia na: Ivo Panov. Sofia: AI „Prof. Marin Drinov“. Arhiv: NBKM – Or. otdel, f, 165 – A, sig.: D – 522. Internet iztochnitsi : KIPTÎLER-TDVİslâmAnsiklopedisi:https://islamansiklopedisi. /https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr (19.09.2024)
gypsies (Kıptî / قبطی / - Çingene / چینكانه /)
Social-pedagogical technology as a form of pedagogical interaction with Roma parents
The article examines the role of the parent in the education of students of Roma origin and the interaction between teachers and parents as an important element for improving the educational process, regardless of the ethnic origin of the students. Early school leaving observed among students of Roma origin can be explained with economic, social, educational and discriminatory reasons. In addition to involving parents in the educational process, teachers must first be prepared for work in an intercultural environment, by mastering modern forms and technologies of education tailored to the socio-cultural situation and value orientation of modern students. References: Koleva, I. (2007) Etnopsihopedagogika na roditelya: Etnokulturna obrazovatelna praktika za vzaimodeystvie s roditelya ot romski proizhod., Sofia Koleva, I.(2012), Etnopsihologicheski modeli na obrazovatelnoto vzaimodeystvie, Sofia RAABE. Makariev, P., Y. Nunev (2008), Dostap do obrazovanie na etnicheskite maltsinstva. V sbornik: „Proekt ot politika kam praktikata”. Vklyuchvane na romskoto maltsinstvo na mestno ravnishte chrez obuchitelno, administrativno i informatsionno vazdeystvie varhu obshtnostta. Sdruzhenie „Minerva 3000“. Sofia: „Iztok-Zapad“. Nonchev, A., Mondon, P., Donkova, M., Milenkova, V., Strakova, L., Ruseva, R. (2007) „Prichini za otpadane na detsata ot uchilishte v Bulgaria”, Sofia: Iztok-Zapad Totseva, Ya.,(2000), Opit za konstruirane na didakticheska tehnologia v svetlinata na interkulturnoto obrazovanie. V: Interkulturnoto obrazovanie v Bulgaria – ideal i realnost. Sofia: AKSES/IPIS. Elektronni iztochnitsi: Agentsia na evropeyskia sayuz za osnovnite prava, 2016 g. - Vtoro prouchvane na polozhenieto na maltsinstvata i diskriminatsiyata v Evropeyskia sayuz Romi — Izbrani rezultati. Lyuksemburg: Sluzhba za publikatsii na Evropeyskia sayuz, 2018 g – dostapen na: https://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2016-eu-minorities-survey-roma-selected-findings_bg.pdf (07.12.2024 г.) Ministerstvo na obrazovanieto i naukata. Doklad za sastoyanieto na sektora za uchene na vazrastni v Bulgaria prez 2017 godina. Sofia, 2018– dostapen na: https://lll.mon.bg/uploaded_files/Doklad_sustoyanie_sektor_za_UV_2017.pdf (07.12.2024 г.). Natsionalen statisticheski institut. Dyal na prezhdevremenno napusnalite obrazovatelnata sistema i na 30-34 godishnite sas zavarsheno visshe obrazovanie– dostapen na: https://monitorstat.nsi.bg/bg/StrategyFirstLevel/LevelInfo?StrategyId=4c04a325-d38d-4740-9f37-20ddca2b2b16&levelId=fd509ca7-e005-4395-a2ff-ff19a058b202 (07.12.2024 г.)
The Plovdiv metropolis model for supporting religious education in recent times
After 1944, under the slogans of separating the church from the state, the totalitarian regime gradually expelled the Church and everything related to it from the general education in school, eliminating the existing religious education in Bulgaria. After the changes, there were various attempts to carry out the religious literacy of Bulgarians, with the greatest success coming after overcoming the split in the BOC - BP (2003 - 2004). Since 2007, in the Plovdiv Diocese, the newly elected metropolitan has started implementing a special model for supporting religious education in sync with the official institutions and what is allowed by law. It is related to financial, qualification and spiritual support for teachers teaching the subject Religion (Orthodoxy) in the initial stage of education in Plovdiv and the entire diocese. This paper aims to justify the model and to discuss timely questions that this successful experience raises. References: Vasileva, R. 2024 Vazmozhnosti, organizatsia i red na poklonnichestvoto v Staria Plovdiv. Magistarska teza. Sofia: Bogoslovski fakultet na SU „Sv. Kl. Ohridski“. Vasilev, I. 2024 Vazmozhno li e konfesionalnoto prepodavane na predmeta Religia (Hristiyanstvo – Pravoslavie) u nas. Misal, slovo, tekst, t. 18(24), (pod pechat) Dimitrov Hr. 1930 „Psihologicheski osnovi na religioznoto obrazovanie“. Sofia: GSU – BF, t. 7. s. 358 Dimitrov Hr. 1945 Sveshtenikat kato katehet (Kam vaprosa za tsarkoven katehumenat u nas). Sofia: GSU – BF, t. 22 Ivanova, T. 2009 „Obuchenieto po religia i svetskiyat harakter na obrazovanieto“. Sofia: Upravlenie i obrazovanie. V (3) s. 114 Legkostup, M. 2014 „Religioznoto obrazovanie dnes – tipove i podhodi v savremennata pedagogicheskata praktika“. Pedagogicheski almanah, V. Tarnovo: Universitetsko izdatelstvo „Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiy” Spasov, Ch. 2020. Edin pravopisen problem ili „kak tryabva da se pishat slovosachetaniyata: „Sveshtenoto pisanie” ili „Sveshtenoto Pisanie“, „Star zavet i Nov zavet“ ili „Star Zavet i Nov Zavet“, postaven v konteksta na neobhodimostta ot ednoposochnost na pedagogicheskoto vazdeystvie. Sofia: Bogoslovska misal Cholakova, N. Vasilev I. 2024 „Plovdivska sveta mitropolia – partnyor na uchilishta v eparhiyata v utvarzhdavane na predmeta Hristiyanstvo – Pravoslavie“ (pod pechat).—V: Aleksandrov, A. (red.). Sbornik „Religioznoto obrazovanie v balgarskoto uchilishte“ . Sofia: Librum Onlayn iztochnitsi: Dveri 2023. V Blagoevgradska oblast nay-mnogo uchenitsi izuchavat Religia. 17 mart 2023. https://dveri.bg/component/com_content/Itemid,100723/catid,14/id,72195/view,article (10.11.2024) Myuftiystvo. „Prepodavateli po Religia-Islyam uchastvaha v seminar na Glavnoto myuftiystvo“. Ofitsialen uebsayt na Glavno myuftiystvo. https://grandmufti.bg/bg/up-to-date/novini/12629-2024-04-21-13-09-14.html (10.11.2024) „Plovdivska mitropolia predstavi…“. Ofitsialen uebsayt na Plovdivska sveta mitropolia, 5.19.2023, http://www.plovdivskamitropolia.bg/6513-2023-05-19-10-08-59.html (11.09.2024). MON. Instruktsia №2 ot 23 yuni 2003 g. za provezhdane na obuchenieto po ucheben predmet „Religia“. https://lex.bg/bg/laws/ldoc/2135468724 (11.09.2024).
History of the foundation and development of the Dubnitsa village school
The present paper focuses on the establishment and development of the first school in the village of Dabnitsa, municipality of Garmen, and its role in the education and cultural integration of the local community. Dabnitsa offers an example of ethnic diversity, with different ethnic groups living together within the village. The study examines the historical prerequisites and public efforts leading to the establishment of the school at the beginning of the 20th century as an important element of the cultural and social development of the village. The school’s importance is considered through its role of center providing education, cultural integration and quality teaching for children from different ethnic groups as well as establishing tolerance and understanding among the local community. Comprising a review of historical documents, archives and interviews with local residents that offer valuable information on the school’s foundation and development, the study emphasizes the importance of education for the cultural integration and social development of the village of Dabnitsa. References: Avtorski kolektiv, Grad Gotse Delchev. Iz minaloto na grada i rayona, Sofia, 1988. Avtorski kolektiv, „Minaloto prez pogleda na nashentsi“- Sbornik, 2003. Belcheva, M. 1996 Tarzhestva v selo Dabnitsa. Vestnik „ Chitatelsko delo“, 21 may, s.1. Georgieva, Tsv 1994„Vrazki na savmestimost i nesavmestimost mezhdu hristiyani i myusyulmani v Bulgaria“, Sofia. Entsiklopedia „Pirinski kray“, tom I. Blagoevgrad, 1995. Popov, A 2018 Kakvo li ne vidyah i prezhivyah. Sofia Terzieva, K. 1996 Uchilishteto v selo Dabnitsa praznuva svoya 70-godishen yubiley. Vestnik „Struma“, 21 may, s.1. Arhivni edinitsi: DA – Blagoevgrad, f. 44 , 1944- 1984. DA- Blagoevgrad, fond 42 k., papka 1, 1924-1947 g. DA- Blagoevgrad, fond 42 k., papka 1, 1924-1947 g. DA- Blagoevgrad, fond 42 k., papka 2, 1924-1947 g.
The article presents an initial stage of the research on the dissertation thesis: "Balneotherapy in Bulgaria in the 20th century. Social and cultural aspects". The analysis is based primarily on archival sources from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The processes of building modern public health care are studied as part of the general process of modernization accompanying the construction of the New Bulgarian State after the Liberation, with a specific focus on balneotherapy. Kyustendil and Sapareva Banya have been selected as individual illustrative cases. References: Dayski, Al. 1977 Balneologia. Sofia: Meditsina i fizkultura. Dimitrova, Zl. 2017. Istoria na bolnichnoto delo i bolnichnata farmatsia v Bulgaria. V: Godishnik po bolnichna farmatsia, I, 2015 №1, s. 7-16. Varna Entsiklopedia na daritelstvoto. 2024. - dostapna na https://daritelite.bg/entsiklopedia/ (05.12.2024) Mihaylova, E. 2013. Bolnichno delo i zdraveopazvane v balgarskite zemi (1856-1878). Avtoreferat za prisazhdane na obrazovatelna i nauchna stepen doktor. Sofiyski universitet „Sv. Kl. Ohridski“. Sofia. Ofitsialen sayt na obshtina Kyustendil - https://kyustendil.bg/index.php?lang=bg (5.12.2024) Terziev, V.K. 2023. Zdravnata prosveta v balgarskoto obshtestvo 1856-1878 g. Sofia - http://unilib-dspace.nasledstvo.bg/ (5.12.2024) Yankulovska, S. 2020. Razvitie na zdraveopazvaneto i zdravnoto zakonodatelstvo v Bulgaria. Poreditsa ot Lektsii. Meditsinski universitet-Pleven. - dostapno na (04.11.2024 г.): http://www.mu-pleven.bg/ Izpolzvani arhivni edinitsi: TsDA, f. 2028k, inv. op. 1, 5lista, 1939-1993g. TsDA, f. 372, op. 1 , arh. ed. 1, 2, 3. 1881-1954g. TsDA, f. 177 k, op. 4, a.e. 93, l. 1–10. DA–Sofia, f. 994 k, op. 2, a.e. 113, l. 1–212; a.e. 114, l. 1–62; op. 14, a.e. 1, l. 6 Darzhaven arhiv Kyustendil – f.535, op. 1, arh. ed. 1, 23. , 1958-1964g. ; fond 535, opis 2, arh. ed. 5, 12, 13., 1965-1973. Darzhaven arhiv Kyustendil – f.590, op. 1, arh. ed. 1, 5, 6, 14, 26, 34, 38, 40, 42., 1955-1965g.; f. 590, op. 2, arh. ed. 1, 2, 3., 1966-1970g. NA–BAN, f. 1 k, op. 2, a.e. 1155, l. 1; f. 5 k, a.e. 1; BIA–NBKM, f. 160, a.e. 1
The Belogradchik uprising of 1850 and the reasons for its outbreak through the prism of our customary law
The Belogradchik Uprising of 1850 is also known in the literature as the Vidin Uprising, the Uprising of the Peasants of North-West Bulgaria, and, according to many Turkish historians, also as an uprising caused by the regime of the “land lords” in Vidin. The uprising was caused by the unfavourable socio-economic relations that occurred as a result of the social reforms in the Ottoman Empire and the focus of the scientific paper is on the reasons that led to the outbreak of the Belogradchik Uprising which was the first large-scale organized event against the Ottoman rule in Bulgarian history in the first half of the 19th century. References: Danova, N. 1993. Neofit Bozveli i Gratskoto prosveshtenie. – V: Neofit Bozveli i balgarskata kultura. Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Balgarskata Akademia na naukite. Dimitrov, S. 1972 Vastanieto ot 1850 g. v Bulgaria, Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Balgarskata Akademia na naukite. Kozelek, R. 2002 Plastovete na vremeto. Sofia: Dom na naukite za choveka I obshtestvoto Marinov, D. 1995 Balgarsko obichayno pravo. Sofia: Akademichno izdatelstvo „Marin Drinov”. Mitev, Plamen. 2012 Balgarsko vazrazhdane (lektsionen kurs). Sofia: Standart. Smohovska-Petrova, V. 1964 Neofit Bozveli i balgarskiyat tsarkoven vapros. Sofia: Izdatelstvo na Balgarskata Akademia na naukite. Stoyanov, I. 1999 Istoria na Balgarskoto vazrazhdane. Veliko Tarnovo, Abagar. Tafrova, M. 2010 Tanzimatat, vilaetskata reforma i balgarite. Administratsia na Dunavskia vilaet (1864-1876). Sofia: Gutenberg. Toshev, Borislav 2021 „Uchastval li e Pishurka v Belogradchishkoto vastanie (Dimitar Marinov, 1894)”: https://bvtoshev.wordpress.com/ Inalcik, Halil. 1992 Tanzimat ve Bulgar Meselesi. İstanbul: Eren Yayıncılık. Inalcik, H. 1943 Tanzimat ve bulgar meselesi. Ankara. Pinson, M. (1975) Middle Eastern Studies (London), Vol. 11, No 2 (May, 1975). Skene, J.H. (1854) The Danubian principalities, the frontier lands of the Christian and the Turk. In two volumes. Vol. I. London: RichardBentley.
Следвоенните режими в България и Румъния
The path of the post-war settlement with the former Nazi satellites from Eastern Europe is marked by the requirements of the Yalta Declaration for a Liberated Europe for the establishment of representative governments comprised of all democratic elements in these countries. In this respect, the coalition governments of Bulgaria and Romania, established at the end of the summer of 1944, faced the gravest problems in terms of their recognition by the western powers which naturally impeded the conclusion of their peace treaties. The authorities in the USA and Great Britain, two of the main allies in the anti-Nazi coalition, viewed Bulgaria and Romania as mere Soviet tools and did not recognize the democratic character and the representativeness of their governments, a fact which delayed their international recognition and the threatened the delay of the conclusion of peace treaties with them. In the course of the negotiations on the procedure for the elaboration of peace treaties with the former satellites of Nazi Germany, the American government dispatched the journalist Mark Ethridge as an independent observer to Bulgaria and Romania with the task to present a report in which to assess whether the governments in Sofia and Bucharest are sufficiently representative. Along with a brief biographical account of the American journalist, this article will present Ethridge's main findings and the political ramifications of its report. The morphing of his fact- finding mission into a fully-fledged diplomatic effort and an attempt to influence the internal political scene of the two countries against the background of Soviet political dominance in them is also analyzed. Further, the paper will give an account of the analysis provided by Ethridge with regards to the similarities and differences between the regimes in Bulgaria and Romania. References: Statii, studii, monografii i memoarna literatura: Baeva, I., E. Kalinova. Sledvoennoto desetiletie na balgarskata vanshna politika (1944 – 1955). S., 2013. Zhignya, K. Imperialisticheskaya politika SShA i Velikobritanii v otnoshenii Bolgarii i Rumanii (1944 – 1947 gg.). Kishinev. 1981 g. Pintev, S. Bulgaria v britanskata diplomatsia 1944 – 1947. S. 1998 Charchil, U. Memoari. T. 6 Triumf i tragedia. S. 1995. Churchill, W. Memoirs. Triumph and Tragedy. S. 1995. Iz hroniki istoricheskih dney 1. maya 1944-6. marta 1945 gg. Volume 48 of Bibliotheca historica Romaniae: Etudes Rieber, A. “The Crack in the Plaster: Crisis in Romania and the Origins of the Cold War,” Journal of Modern History 76.1 (March 2004), pp. 62–106. Stone, D.R. The 1945 Ethridge Mission to Bulgaria and Romania and the Origins of the Cold War in the Balkans. In: Democracy and Statecraft Vol. 17 (2006): 93 – 112 Arhivni sbornitsi i masivi: Arhiv vneshney politiki Rossiyskoy Federatsii – Fond 06 Aldoshin, V.V, Yu.V. Ivanov, Semenov, V.M, Sovetsko-Amerikanskie Otnoshenia 1945 – 1948 (red. Sevostyyanov, G.N.), M. 2004 Teheran, Yalta Potsdam. Treto dopalneno izdanie. Partizdat. Sofia, 1972 Tsentralen Darzhaven Arhiv - Fond 146 B, Opis. 2 Wilson Center Digital Archive. Yalta Conference Agreement of a Liberated Europe. https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/yalta-conference-agreement-declaration-liberated-europe Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS): Diplomatic Papers, 1945, Europe, Vol. V Foreign Relations of the United States (FRUS): Diplomatic Papers, 1945, Europe, Vol. IV
Атомната сила в американските антикомунистически филми от 60-те години
The purpose of this paper is to connect the basic Cold war’s elements, such as East – West confrontation, possibility of World War Three and cinema, to represent an authentic picture of 1960s society’s anxiety. Atomic power is a basis for an armament race and the following modernization in the Capitalist and Communist countries. The super power leaders’ must maintain a constant connection between themselves in order to avoid atomic Armageddon. The next step is to initiate a peaceful cooperation between the Americans and the Soviets. Cinema gives an opportunity for everyone around the world to learn new knowledge in an unconventional way. After that, they can express opinion based on experience and sometimes even on propaganda and educational movie content. The phenomenon of “atomic cinema” is set, which can be included in several film categories, because atomic bomb can affect life in all dimensions. The case study of two movies “Fail-safe” and “Ice Station Zebra” is important to illustrate paranoia and tensions during and after the Cuban missiles crisis. Protagonists’ choices and actions reflect not only in immediate conflict between them, but also on the world around them. Fantasy and reality couldn’t be easily distinguished, because of the specific relationship between cinema and life itself. References: Vlastanova, Magdalena. “Dr. Strangelove or: How I learned to stop worrying and love the bomb – Komunizmat kato realna ili imaginerna zaplaha za SASht prez 60-te godini na XX vek.” Anamneza, God. XV, kn. 4, (2020): 28-43. Address Before the General Assembly of the United Nations on Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy. New York City. December 08, 1953. The American Presidency Project. (27.01.2023) https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-before-the-general-assembly-the-united-nations-peaceful-uses-atomic-energy-new Adler, Renata, Vincent Canby, Howard Thompson. “The Screen: ‘Ice Station Zebra’ at the Cinerama.” The New York Times, (21 December 1968). (02.01.2023) https://www.nytimes.com/1968/12/21/archives/the-screen-ice-station-zebra-at-the-cinerama.html An Act for the Development and Control of Atomic Energy. August 1, 1946, Pub. L. 79–585. Atomic Energy Act of 1954. 30 August 1954. Pub. L. 83-703. Cantelon, Philip L., Richard G. Hewlett, Robert C. Williams (eds.). The American Atom: A Documentary History of Nuclear Policies from the Discovery of Fission to the Present. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991. Collins, Austin. “Watching Fail Safe at the End of the World.” Vanity Fair. (8 May 2020.) (07.01.2023) https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2020/05/shut-in-movie-club-fail-safe-coronavirus DeRosa, John P. Narrativized Strategic Choice. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2020: 52-55. Ebert, Roger. Ice Station Zebra. Review. (21 April 1969). (02.01.2023) https://web.archive.org/web/20151001131743/http:/www.rogerebert.com/reviews/ice-station-zebra-1969 Ebiri, Bilge. “Fail Safe: Very Little Left of the World.” Criterion. (29 January 2020). (26.01.2023) https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/6801-fail-safe-very-little-left-of-the-world Espinal, Megan. “Fail safe 1964, 2000.” Saturday Evening Post. (22 February 2013). (24.01.2023) https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2013/02/fail-safe-1964-2000/ Fail Safe. Sidney Lumet. American Film Institute. (06.01.2023) https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/22481 Harpole, Charles Henry. History of the American Cinema. California: University of California Press, 2003: 169-185. Ice Station Zebra. John Sturges. American Film Institute. (06.01.2023) https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/22940?fbclid=IwAR3A_lotiIrz9Kt7W2-Z73JFLhOgLaHi7nYWgStXzuYjXCWD7pjIy6xBbro Jacobs, Robert. “Radiation as Cultural Talisman: Nuclear Weapons Testing and American Popular Culture in the Early Cold War.” The Asia Pacific Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 26, № 1, (17 June 2012). Jacobs, Robert, Mick Broderick. “Nuke York, New York Nuclear Holocaust in the American Imagination from Hiroshima to 9/11.” The Asian Pacific Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 11, № 6, (5 March 2012). Kotlowitz, Robert. “Performing Arts. Ice Station Zebra.” Harper’s Magazine, Vol. 238, (January- June 1969): 374. Miller, Byron S. A Law is Passed – The Atomic Energy Act of 1946. The University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 15, № 4, 1948. National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE). The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute. Stanford University. (06.01.2023) https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/ Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. 5 August 1963. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. (26.01.2023) https://www.jfklibrary.org/learn/about-jfk/jfk-in-history/nuclear-test-ban-treaty Orwell, George. “You and the Atomic Bomb” Tribune, (October 19, 1945). (24.01.2023) https://www.orwell.ru/library/articles/ABomb/english/e_abomb Seed, David. American Science Fiction and the Cold War: Literature and Film. London: Routledge, 2013: 1-14. Shapiro, Jerome F. Atomic Bomb Cinema: The Apocalyptic Imagination on Film. New York: Routledge, 2002. Sherrod, Robert (ed.) “Fail-Safe by Eugene Burdick” Saturday Evening Post, vol. 235, № 36, (13 October 1962). Sherrod, Robert (ed.) "Fail-Safe" Part Two by Burdick & Wheeler.” Saturday Evening Post, vol. 235, № 37, (20 October 1962). Sherrod, Robert (ed.) “Fail-Safe-conclusion (Burdick)” Saturday Evening Post, vol. 235, № 38, (27 October 1962). Smith, Austin. “Clooney’s ‘Fail safe’ Fails – in Spite of Success. Live Cold War Drama Has no Point Today.” New York Post, (April 10, 2000). (04.01.2023) https://nypost.com/2000/04/10/clooneys-fail-safe-fails-in-spite-of-success-live-cold-war-drama-has-no-point-today/ Suid, Lawrence H. Guts and Glory: The Making of the American Military Image in Film. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky, 2002. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). 1968. United Nations. (27.01.2023) https://www.un.org/disarmament/wmd/nuclear/npt/ Variety Staff. “Ice Station Zebra.” Variety, (31 December 1967. (02.01.2023) https://variety.com/1967/film/reviews/ice-station-zebra-1200421623/ Windrum, Ken. From El Dorado to Lost Horizons: Traditionalist Films in Hollywood Renaissance 1967-1972. Albany: State University of New York, 2019: 51-73.
Печатните издания на Илинденската организация в историографията на РСМ
This article analyses the monograph of the historian from the Republic of North Macedonia Vera Gosheva, who tries to present the history of the Ilinden organization in Bulgaria (1921-1947). Attention has been drawn to the parts in which she writes about the editions of the organization of the veterans of Macedonian-Adrianople revolution. The main criticism revolves around the ethnic character of the Macedonian population and the leaders of the organization, which the author presents in sharp contrast with the publications themselves. References: Gosheva, V. Ilindenskata Organizatsiјa (1921-1947). Skopјe 2004 Grebenarov, Al. Ilindenskata Organizatsia (1921-1947). - Sbornik Dokladi – 100 godini ot Ilindensko-Preobrazhensko vastanie (1903), Paradigma, S. 2005 Ilinden za Makedontsite, v. „Ilindenski list“. Izdanie na rakovodnoto tyalo na Ilindenskata organizatsia, Sofia, 2 avgust – Ilinden, 1936 g. Yovkov, Ar. „Nashata kauza”. v. „Ilinden“. Broy 5, god. 2. Sofia, 5 fevruari 1922 g. Makedonia. Sbornik ot dokumenti i materiali., Sofia: BAN, 1978, s. 794; Nikolov, B. VMORO Psevdonimi i shifri. 1893 – 1934. Sofia: Letera 1999 Misirkov K. – „Zashto?“, v. Ilinden. Organ na bivshite makedono-odrinski revolyutsioneri, god. III, br. 15, Sofia, 15 april 1923 godina Misirkov K. „Sarbite i solunskoto pole“, v. „Ilinden“, god. IV, br. 15, Sofia, 14 noemvri 1924 g. Misirkov, K. – „Protivoyadie“, v. „Pirin“, br. 15, god. II, Sofia, 20 yanuari 1924 g. Misirkov, K. - Narodnostta na makedontsite. v. „20 yuliy. Makedono-odrinski list“, god. I, br. 5, Sofia, 11 may 1924 g. Misirkov, K. IDO i Makedonia na Makedontsite. v. „20 yuliy. Makedono-odrinski list“, god. I, br. 14, Sofia, 13 yuli 1924 g. Misirkov, K. Krali Marko v. Ilinden. Organ na bivshite makedono-odrinski revolyutsioneri, god. III, br. 12, Sofia, 25 mart 1923 g. Misirkov, K. Sv. Sava – Srabska slava, v. Pirin. Makedono-odrinski list, god. II, br. 17, Sofia, 3 fevruari 1924 g. Misirkov, K. Srabski smetki i sofizmi. v. Pirin, 4 noemvriy 1923 g. Misirkov, P. K. Makedonska kultura, v. „Pirin“ 21 oktomvriy 1923 g.; Misirkov, K. „Pesimizama i optimizama“, v. „Ilinden“ 2 mart 1923 g. Spisanie „Ilyustratsia Ilinden“, 1927 – 1944 g.
Идеята за конгрес на Демократическия сговор през 1931–1932 г. – пътят към разцеплението
This article is devoted to the growing infighting within the Democratic Alliance (DA) after the defeat in the 1931 election and to the fact that those disputes deeply affected the process of organizing the party's long-awaited first regular congress. The author also seeks explanation for the perception of certain figures among the more prominent figures in the DA about the role of the congress in the future of the organization and thus the article follows the attempts of some of them to manipulate the local subdivisions of the party before the big meeting in Sofia. In addition, the author seeks to find the reasons for the repeated postponement of the convening of the party forum and to explain how the splitting of the party and the exit of Alexander Tsankov and his supporters was not a surprise, but a carefully prepared act on the part of the former prime minister and his associates. References: Petrova, D. Aleksandar Tsankov i negovata partia (1932-1944 g.), Sofia, 2011 Bozhinov, V. Andrey Lyapchev. S., 2006 Bozhinov, V. Zemnoto kalbo ne prestava se varti, ako nie i da spim, Sofia, 2005 V-k Svobodna rech V-k Demokraticheski sgovor V-k Narod V-k Slovo V-k Pryaporets V-k Mir V-k Sofia V-k Utro V-k Zora V-k Demokraticheski sgovor (Tsankov) V-k Demokraticheski sgovor (Lyapchev) V-k Zemedelsko zname V-k Ustrem TSDA, f.252K TSDA, f.135K TSDA, f.27K
Двата големи външни заема, получени от Царство България при управлението на Андрей Ляпчев
This article follows the attempts of the Bulgarian government led by the Prime Minister Andrey Lyapchev to solve the everlasting refugee crisis, caused by the provisions of Treaty Of Neuilly-sur-Seine from 1919 which forced the Kingdom of Bulgaria to cede several territories whose main population were Bulgarians. Aside from that, one of the most pressing issues that Lyapchev’s cabinet had to address was the financial situation of the country which was continually unstable since the First World War ended. Thus came the idea to seek help from the League of Nations’ Financial Committee which was asked to fund Bulgaria with a loan intended to help the country to create adequate conditions for the waves of refugees that continued to arrive from the ceded lands to be settled. After this loan was granted and 1926 and executed successfully, in 1928 Bulgaria asked the League of Nations to grant another loan to the country which was planned to help stabilizing the financial situation and the state of the Kingdom’s national currency. The main focus of the article are the negotiations for those loans – the Refugee loan of 1926 and the Stabilization loan of 1928 both of which were instrumental for the successful attempts of Lyapchev’s consecutive cabinets to improve the overall socio-economic state of the country. References: Kosev, D., Upravlenieto na Andrey Lyapchev (1926-1931), Sofia, 2019 Dimitrov, Il., Balgaro-italianski politicheski otnoshenia 1922 – 1943, Sofia, 1996 Bozhinov, V., Zemnoto kalbo ne prestava se varti, ako nie i da spim, Sofia, 2005 Statelova, El. Grancharov St., Istoria na Nova Bulgaria 1878 – 1944, Sofia, 1999 Bozhinov, V., Andrey Lyapchev, Sofia, 2006 Stenografski dnevnitsi na XXI ONS Darzhaven vestnik V-k Pryaporets
Иларион Ловчански – несъстоялият се български екзарх
In this text we are trying to restore the life and achievements of an Orthodox priest, and particularly his participation in Bulgarian National Church Movement. Having chosen to join the leaders of the religious struggle, Ilarion of Lovech soon started playing a major role in organizing the newly established ecclesiastical institutions and their first steps with regard to solving the issue of the future Bulgarian exarch. Though his spiritual leadership withered on the vine, the bishop remained in history as a unifier of Bulgarian congregation, whose destiny reflected all the aspirations and hardships of the time. References: Boneva, V. Ilarion Makariopolski. Sofia, 2022. Kiril Mitropolit Plovdivski. Natanail mitropolit Ohridski i Plovdivski. Sofia, 1952. Minchev, Y. Ilarion Lovchanski i Kyustendilski - zhivot i deynost. Veliko Tarnovo, 2021. Mitev, P. Balgarskoto vazrazhdane. Sofia. 2012. Radev, S. Makedonia i Balgarskoto vazrazhdane. Sofia, 2013. Radivoev, M. Vreme i zhivot na Tarnovskia mitropolit Ilariona. Sofia, 1912. Simeon mitropolit Varnenski i Preslavski. Sachinenia. T.1. Tsarkva i istoria. Sofia, 2011. Todev, Il. D-r Stoyan Chomakov. Sofia, 2003.
Българо–византийският мирен договор от 681 г. в историографската традиция
This article aims to trace the main publications that concern the issue of the year of the conclusion of the first Bulgarian-Byzantine peace treaty. Although 679 AD was initially considered as such, since it is indicated by the main chronological source – The Chronography of Theophanes the Confessor, it was quickly rejected after an error was found in his chronology for the period 6102 AM – 6265 AM (609/10 AD – 772/73 AD). Since then, researchers’ attention has focused on 680 and 681 AD. Those who maintain the opinion that the treaty was signed in 680 AD use as an argument the fact that both Theophanes and the others Byzantine chroniclers, who wrote on the matter, state that the treaty was signed before the convocation of the VI Ecumenical Council (November 7-th 680 AD). The supporters of 681 AD cite as their main argument the speech of the Syrian presbyter Constantine of Apameia, who openly criticized the organizers of the council that if he was admitted to the council meetings earlier and heard, the empire would not have suffered the defeat in the war with Bulgaria earlier that year. This information from Constantine of Apameia gives M. Voinov a reason to define two periods in the Bulgarian-Byzantine war: 1) the spring-autumn of 680 AD, when Bulgarians began their raidings on the imperial lands, defeated the army of Constantine IV in the battle of Ongal, and began to conquer Moesia; 2) spring-summer of 681 AD, when, after arranged his relations with the Slavic tribes, located in Moesia, Asparuch began to devastate the Byzantine possessions in Thrace. Unable to oppose him, the emperor forced himself to conclude a peace treaty with him, obliging himself to pay him an annual tribute. This thesis of his is accepted, both by most researchers and by the author of the present article. References: Georgius Cedrenus, Compendium Historiarum, Tomus Prior, editio Immanuele Bekkero, Bonnae, 1838. Leonis Grammatici, Chronographia, editio Immanuelis Bekkeri, Bonnae, 1842. Nicephori Archiepiscopi Constantinopolitani, Opuscula Historica, edidit Carolus de Boor, Lipsiae, 1880. Sacrorum Conciliorum Nova, et Amplissima Collectio, XI, editio Joannes Dominicus Mansi, Florentiae, 1765. Theophanis, Chronographia, Vol. 1, recensuit Carolus de Boor, Lipsiae, 1883. Bury, John. B. A History of the Later Roman Empire. From Arcadius to Irene, Vol. 2, London, 1889. Angelov, Dimitar. Obrazuvane na balgarskata narodnost. Sofia, 1971. Angelov, Dimitar i Primov, Borislav. „Sazdavaneto na balgarskata darzhava i neynoto znachenie v istoriyata na Evropa.“ Slavyanska filologia, 14 (1973): 5 – 32. Beshevliev, Veselin. Parvobalgari. Istoria. Sofia, 1984. Burmov, Aleksandar. „Sazdavane na balgarskata darzhava.“ V Izbrani proizvedenia v tri toma, І, 127 – 136, Sofia, 1968. Voynov, Mihail. „Za parvia dopir na Asparuhovite balgari sas slavyanite i za datata na osnovavaneto na balgarskata darzhava.“ Izvestia na instituta za balgarska istoria, VІ (1956): 453 – 476. Gyuzelev, Vasil. „Han Asparuh i obrazuvaneto na balgarskata darzhava.“ Voennoistoricheski sbornik, 4 (1981): 29 – 48. Derzhavin, Nikolay. Istoria na Bulgaria., І, Sofia, 1946. Drinov, Marin. „Pogled varhu proizhozhdenieto na balgarskia narod.“ V Sachinenia na M. S. Drinov, І, pod redaktsiyata na Vasil N. Zlatarski, 1 – 69, Sofia, 1909. Zlatarski, Vasil N. Istoria na balgarskata darzhava prez srednite vekove., І, ch. 1 – Epoha na Hunobalgarskoto nadmoshtie, Sofia, 2007. Irechek, Konstantin. Istoria na balgarite. Sofia, 1978. Kulakovskiy, Yulian A. Istoria Vizantii., ІІІ, Sankt Peterburg, 1996. Mutafchiev, Petar. Istoria na balgarskia narod. Sofia, 1943. Ostrogorski, Georgiy. Istoria na vizantiyskata darzhava. Sofia, 2013. Ostrogorski, Georgije. „Teofanova hronologija u VІІ i VІІІ veku.“ V Sobrana dela Georgija Ostrogorskog, 3, urednik Zhivorad Stojkovih, 225 – 269, Beograd, 1970. Petrov, Petar. „Kam vaprosa za obrazuvaneto na balgarskata darzhava.“ Slavyanska filologia, 5 (1963): 89 – 112. Petrov, Petar. Obrazuvane na balgarskata darzhava. Sofia, 1981. Sokolov, M. Iza drevney istorii bolgar. Sankt-Peterburg, 1879. Trifonov, Yurdan. „Izvestieto na siriyskia prezviter Konstantin za Isperihova pobeda nad Vizantiytsite.“ Izvestia na istoricheskoto druzhestvo v Sofia, HІ – HІІ (1931 – 1932): 199 – 215. Tsankova-Petkova, Genoveva. „Belezhki kam nachalnia period ot istoriyata na balgarskata darzhava.“ Izvestia na instituta za balgarska istoria, V (1954): 319 – 346.
Руската геостратегия на Балканите и разделителната линия Изток – Запад, XVIII–XIX в.
The presence of Russia in the Balkan geopolitical scene has deep-rooted traditions. Throughout different historical periods, its relationship with the Balkans and interactions with other Great Powers have proven to be a key factor in shaping the fate of the region's states, as well as influencing changes in their political borders, state structure, economic development, and cultural progress within their respective national states. In the struggle for geopolitical and economic supremacy over the "Balkan geopolitical knot," Russia's interests in the 18th and 19th centuries primarily clashed with those of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. Initially, perceptions of the West and the East depend on the postulates of development in the civilizational relations of the Eurasian continent, which determine the differences between its western and eastern parts. Gradually, their socio-cultural, ideological, and geopolitical characteristics are recognized as the primary indicators for the division along the West-East axis. This model for structuring the world is carried out not one hundred percent geographically, but mostly on a cultural principle (which, of course, does not deprive it of its geographical identity). These spaces—the East and the West—should not be viewed as two main, homogeneous, let alone identical entities, as the notion of them should not exclude their complex internal structure, predetermined by historical events in the mentality-civilizational sense of the geopolitical worlds and the various forms of self-identification and identification of the communities inhabiting the Balkan Peninsula. It is precisely the circumstances leading to these self identifications in the Balkan area that are crucial for understanding the contemporary spatial relations between the West and the East. Two significant civilizational boundaries pass through the Balkans—the one between Orthodoxy and Catholicism on one side and between Christianity and Islam on the other. There is a disintegration of national and local cultures, in terms of the ethnic diversity in the region. The characteristic phenomenon created by the processes of the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire is precisely Balkanization. In the context of its manifestation in various forms of division and the formation of hostile sentiments among unstable neighboring national states in the 17th century, Russia's interest in the Balkans is primarily directed towards expanding its territory and influence, with Balkanization fitting well within this goal. The Russian Empire is still in its early stages and seeks to establish a strong presence in the region. The Balkans, situated at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, offer Russia a strategic "gateway" to the Mediterranean Sea, which is crucial for its further maritime ambitions. Furthermore, Russia's interests in the region are motivated by the presence of Slavic Orthodox Christians. In the 18th century, with the emergence of the Eastern Question, a peculiar change in the balance of power in the Balkan Peninsula and Eastern Europe occurs. The Eastern Question, defined as a "complex problem with various aspects—political, military, strategic, economic, social, religious, and cultural" (Parev, 2018, p. 23), becomes a turning point for the Balkans as it significantly contributes to the division of the region between the East and the West in political, ethno-cultural, and psychomental aspects. The relations between the Great Powers influence the peoples living in the Balkans, as their interests often clash with the aspirations of the local population for independence and self- determination. The Great Powers definitely pursue their own interests at the expense of the local population, which leads to unrest, conflicts, and tension in the region. Russian diplomacy in the Balkans is characterized by a combination of military force and political maneuvers. The desire to establish and maintain a "buffer zone" between the Ottoman Empire and the rest of Europe remains as a guiding principle. It is not coincidental that Bulgaria and its neighboring young national states are at the center of attention, both in Russia's geopolitical strategy for the Southeast European region and in terms of cultural historical and mental divisions along the East-West axis. The Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 fueled Russia's ambitions in the following decades, as the country pursued an intensified policy of "Pan-Slavism" aimed at uniting all Slavic peoples under Russian leadership. With the decision of the Berlin Congress for the regions of Macedonia, Adrianople, and Bosnia to remain within the boundaries of the Ottoman Empire, significant problems arose in the Eastern Balkans from 1878 to 1914. The Balkan Peninsula played a strategic role for the Russian Empire in terms of economic ties, transportation, and communications. During the 19th to the early 20th century, Russia, due to its economic and military-technical challenges and its lag in armament compared to other European powers, sought to maintain the status quo imposed by the Berlin Treaty. Regardless of its cautious behavior, Russia aimed for dominance in bilateral relations with Balkan peoples based on their Orthodox and Slavic backgrounds. The duality in Russia's geostrategic line only emphasizes its lasting interests in the region, which are directed towards the future. Russia uses existing traditional cultural, ethnic, and historical connections as a basis for creating a Balkan Slavic union. However, this endeavor proves to be impossible considering the strategic and conceptual aspirations of the Balkan peoples. The duality in Russian policy towards Bulgarian-Turkish relations aims to preserve the status quo on one hand, while on the other hand, it seeks to control all issues related to Macedonia and prevent agreements between the Ottoman Empire and the Principality that could lead to the creation of a large state in close proximity to the straits. The objective circumstances and geopolitical interests of Russia outlined in the discussed period largely persist in the period before, during, and after the First World War, despite historical upheavals. These interests continue to exist during the periods of the Second World War and its aftermath as lasting Russian interests in the region, convincingly demonstrating that, although modified, the Russian geopolitical strategy firmly establishes itself in the Balkans. References: Kostov, Aleksandar. Transport i saobshtenia na Balkanite 1800-1914. Sofia: UI "Sv. Kliment Ohridski", 2017 Krastev, V., Mihaylov, V. Regionalni geopoliticheski izsledvania. Sofia: Steno, 2010 Lalkov, M. Bulgaria v balkanskata politika na Avstro-Ungaria 1878-1903. Sofia: UI "Sv. Kliment Ohridski", 1993 Orbini, Mavro. Nasledstvoto na tsarstvoto na slavyanite. Sofia: Damyan Yakov, 2012 Palangurski, M. Bulgaria v balkanskata politika na Rusia 1899 – 1903. V. Tarnovo: UI „Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiy”, 2005 Popov, R. Balkanskata politika na Bulgaria 1894-1898. Sofia: BAN, 1984 Parvev, Ivan. Balkanite mezhdu dve imperii: Habsburgskata monarhia i Osmanskata imperia (1683 - 1739). Sofia: UI "Sv. Kliment Ohridski", 1997 Sazdov, D. Demokraticheska partia v Bulgaria 1887-1908. Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo, 1987 Stefanova, S. (sast.) Mezhdunarodni aktove i dogovori 1648 – 1918 g. Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo, 1958 Fotiadu, S. Mechkata v ovcha kozha, koyato ni se predstavya za pravoslavna, iska da ni izyade“: Gratskite vazpriyatia za Rusia po vreme na Balkanskata kriza (1875–1878 g.). – V: Rusia: Pogledi ot Balkanite. Sofia: BAN, 2023, s. 143 – 164; Bolton, M. The First Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774: An Inquiry into the Causes, Course and Effects of Russia's Intervention in the Turkish War of National Liberation. London: Oxford University Press, 1930 Clogg, R. A Short History of Modern Greece. Cambridge: University Press, 1992 Gerolimatos, Andre. The Balkan Wars: Conquest, Revolution and Retribution from the Ottoman Era to the Twentieth Century and Beyond. Basic Books, 2008 Lieven, Dominic. Empire: The Russian Empire and Its Rivals. New Haven, Yale: University Press, 2002 River, Charles. The Serbo-Bulgarian War, 1885: The History and Legacy of the Conflict That Led to Bulgaria's Independence from the Ottoman Empire Stojanovic, T. Balkanski svetovi: Prava i poslednja Evropa. Beograd: Equilibrium, 1997 Kosik, V.I. „Russkaya politika v Bolgarii“ Moskva, 1991 Parashkevov, Plamen. Zapadat i Iztokat kato geografski i mentalni konstruktsii. // Balkanite - ezik, istoria, kultura, III, 2013, № 1, s. 527 – 532. http://journals.uni-vt.bg/balkans/bul/vol3/iss1/49 (Poseteno na 14. 04. 2023)
Зографският йеромонах Мелетий Македонски (краят на XVI в. - 1640-те)
Although Meletiy from Zograf is almost unknown to the Bulgarian national historiography, he was a historical personality that left a remarkable trace in the cultural history of the Danubian Principalities. Originating from the historical region of Macedonia, Meletiy became initially a monk at the Athonite monastery of Zograf, while later in the 1620s he worked at the printing house of the Kievo-Pecherskaya Lavra - the largest and most important Orthodox cultural center in Eastern Europe during the first half of the 17th century. In 1624 his name appeared in the historical sources in relation to the secret diplomatic negotiations between the Kievan archbishop Iov Boretskiy (1620-1631) and the government in Moscow concerning the possible political alliance between the Russian Tsardom and the Zaporozhian Cossacks. In the 1630s Meletiy was the chief organizer of the first 17th-century printing houses and of the first modern Orthodox religious school in the Danubian Principality of Wallachia. At the Oltenian monastery of Govora, whose hegumen Meletiy has been in the period of 1634-1640, some of the most important 17th-century Church Slavonic and Romanian editions were printed. In 1640 after an unsuccessful attempt to become an Orthodox bishop of Transylvania Meletiy returned to Wallachia and continued his literary work at the capital city of Târgoviște. In his biography, we may see a good example of how the ecclesiastical figures of the 17th century (the so-called “Age of Confessionalization, 1555-1648” - a period, characterized mainly by the close intertwinement of religion and politics) were equally engaged in both with important cultural and at the same time political initiatives. References: Bilyarski, I. Kam izsledvaneto na vrazkite na balgari sas Sinayskia manastir „Sv. Ekaterina“ (MS. Sin. Slav. 15). // Palaeobulgarica, 32, 2008, 3, 95–106. Goranchev, V. Balgarite, Rusia i Pravoslavniyat Iztok prez XV-XVIII vek. Kam istoriyata na tsarkovno-politicheskite vrazki. Veliko Tarnovo, 2021. Grushevsykiy, M. Іstorіya Ukraїni-Rusi. Tom VII. Kiev, 1909. Эvarnitskiy D. I. Istoria Zaporozhskih kozakov. Tom 2. Sankt Peterburg, 1895. Іsaєvich, Ya. Ukraїnsyke knigovidannya: vitoki, rozvitok, problemi. Lyvіv, 2002. S. 169-171. Lastovskiy, V. V. Zaporozhskaya Sechy // Pravoslavnaya эntsiklopedia. Tom 19. Moskva, 2008. Litavrin, G. (otv. red.) Osmanskaya imperia i stranы Tsentralynoy, Vostochnoy i Yugo-Vostochnoy Evropы v XVII v. Chasty I. Moskva, 1998. Makariy (Bulgakov), mitropolit Moskovskiy i Kolomenskiy. Istoria Russkoy tserkvi. Tom 5. Moskva, 1996. Muravyev, A. Snoshenia Rossii s Vostokom po delam tserkovnыm. Chasty II. Sankt- Peterburg, 1860. Semenova L. E. Knyazhestva Valahia i Moldavia. Konets XIV — nachalo XIX v. (Ocherki vneshnepoliticheskoy istorii). Moskva, 2006. Stanchev, K., Vlaevska-Stancheva, A. Arhivite govoryat № 71: Vatikanski izvori za balgarskata istoria prez HVІІ v. Sofia, 2019. Stoјanoviћ, Љ. Stari srpski zapisi i natpisi. T. 1. Beograd, 1902. Florya, B. N. Zaporozhskoe kazachestvo i Krыm pered vosstaniem Hmelynitskogo. // Issledovania po istorii Ukrainы i Belorussii. Vыp. 1. Moskva, 1995. S. 25-35. Florya B. N. Rossia i kazatskoe vosstanie 1625 goda // Istoricheskiy vestnik. 2017. Tom 16 (163), S. 8-23. Chentsova, V. G. Ikona Iverskoy Bogomateri (Ocherki istorii otnosheniy Grecheskoy tserkvi s Rossiey v seredine XVII v. po dokumentam RGADA). Moskva, 2010. Chentsova V. G. Monahi iz Zografa v Kieve i Moskve v 20–30-e gg. XVII v. // Istoricheskiy vestnik. Hristianstvo na Blizhnem Vostoke. 2017. T. 20. S. 164-189. Chentsova V. G. «Persidskie motivы» v mezhdunarodnoy politike nachala XVII v.: istoria poyavlenia v Moskve rizы Hristovoy i moshtey sv. Iakova Persyanina // Istorik i istochnik. Sbornik statey k yubileyu S. N. Kistereva. Sankt-Peterburg, 2018. S. 402-438. Shvarts, I. Pohodite na zaporozhskite kazatsi i prevzemaneto na Varna 1605 g. // Starobalgaristika, XXI (1997), 3. Shumilo S. V. Starets Ioann Vishenskiy: afonskiy podvizhnik i pravoslavnыy pisately-polemist. Materialы k zhizneopisaniyu «blazhennoy pamyati velikogo startsa Ioanna Vishenskogo Svyatogortsa». Kiev, 2016. Shumilo S. V. Osnovately Kievo-Bratskoy shkolы mitropolit Isaia (Kopinskiy) i ego uchastie v vozrozhdenii pravoslavia v Ukraine // Trudы Kievskoy duhovnoy akademii. № 23 Kiev, 2015. S. 135-147. Alexander, John. “The Lord Giveth and the Lord Taketh Away: Athos and the Confiscation Affair of 1568–1569”, in “Mount Athos in the 14th–16th Centuries,” Athens, Institute for Byzantine Research, Athonika Symmeikta 4 (1997): 149–199. Andreescu, Ştefan. “Identifying the priest Ignatie of Nicopolis as bishop of Râmnic and metropolitan of Wallachia,” Etudes balkaniques (Sofia), XLVI, 2010, 3, pp. 158-164. BARBU, Violeta, Purgatoriul misionarilor: contrareforma în țările Române în secolul al XVII-lea, Bucureşti, 2008. BIANU, Ioan, HODOȘ, Nerva, Bibliografia românească veche Vol. I (1508-1716), Bucureşti, 1903. CÂNDEA, Virgil (coord.), Istoria Românilor. Vol. 5. O epocă de înnoiri în spirit European (1601-1711/1716), Bucureşti, 2003. CÂNDEA, Virgil, Raţiunea dominantă: Contribuţii la istoria umanismului românesc, Cluj- Napoca, 1979. Documenta Romaniae Historica. Seria B. Țara Românească. 1633-1634. Vol. 24. Bucureşti, 1974. Documenta Romaniae Historica. Seria B. Ţara Românească. 1635-1636. Vol. 25. Bucureşti, 1985. Documenta Romaniae Historica. Seria B. Ţara Românească. 1639-1640. Vol. 27. Bucureşti, 2013. Documenta Romaniae Historica. Seria B. Ţara Românească. 1641-1642. Vol. 28. Bucureşti, 2018. Fotić, Aleksandar. "The Official Explanations for the Confiscation and Sale of Monasteries (Churches) and their Estates at the Time of Selim II," Turcica: Revue d'études turques, 26 (1994): 34–54. IONESCU, Gheorghe, “Contributii la cunoasterea așezământului cultural medieval mănăstirea Govoro din judeţul Vilcea,” Arhivele Olteniei, XV, 1936. IONESCU, Gheorghe, “Mănăstirea Govora şi egumenia lui Meletie Macedoneanul”, Buletinul monumentelor istorice, XL, 2, Bucureşti, 1971. IORDAN, Alexandru, “Ignatie, mitropolitul Țării Românești”, Cercetări istorice. Revistă de istorie românească (ed. Minea, I.). XIII-XVI, Nr. 1-2, Iași, 1940, pp. 385-404. IORGA, Nicolae, Cărţi domneşti, zapise şi răvaşe. Partea 3: Istoria literaturii religioase a Românilor pănă la 1688, Bucureşti, 1904. MÂRZA, Eva, Din istoria tiparului românesc. Tipografia de la Alba Iulia, 1577-1702, Sibiu, 1998. NIȚĂ, Ion, “Matei Basarab și contribuţia sa la susţinerea Orotodoxiei Sud-Est Europene”, în Epoca lui Matei Basarab: studii și comunicări: Analele Universităţii din Craiova. Seria Istorie, X, 10, 2005. LUPAŞ, Ion, Documente istorice transilvane. Vol. ι. 1 599-1699. Cluj, 1940. MIRCEA, Păcurariu, Istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, Vol. 2. Bucureşti, 1991. MIRCEA, Păcurariu, Legăturile bisericii ortodoxe din Transilvania cu Ţara Românească şi Moldova în secolele XVI-XVIII, Sibiu, 1968. MITU, Melinda, “Cultural relations between Wallachia nad Transylvania in the age of Matei Basarab and Rakoczi Princes”, Acta Musei Napocensis, 52-II, 2015, pp. 44-54. PAPACOSTEA-DANIELOPOLU, Cornelia, DEMENY, Lidia, Carte şi tipar în societatea românească şi Sud-Est Europeană, Bucureşti, 1985. PAVEL, Eugen, Meşteri tipografi Bâlgrâdeni între 1567-1702, Alba Iulia, 1979. POPESCU, Leontin, “Biserica și primele școli de pe teritoriul Țărilor Române în perioada medievală (ab initio până la 1650)”, Teologie și Educație La "Dunărea De Jos”, 15, Galați, 2017, 109-144. Saracino, Stefano. “Greek Orthodox alms collectors from the Ottoman Empire in the Holy Roman Empire: extreme mobility and confessionalized communication,” in Confessionalization and/as Knowledge Transfer in the Greek Orthodox Church, ed. Kostas Sarris, Nikolas Pissis, and Miltos Pechlivanos (Wiesbaden, 2021), 79-110. STOICESCU, Nicolae, Matei Basarab, București, 1988. VANCA, Dumitru. “Moştenirea liturgică a Bălgradului. Importanţa tipăriturilor bălgrădene în stabilirea şi fixarea formularelor liturgice româneşti,” Litere VII (Sibiu, 2016), pp. 325-356.
Meletiy the Macedonian (Meletie Macedoneanul)
The article examines the concept of ethnicity and its application to the development of medieval societies as well as the relationship between ethnic processes and the law in the Middle Ages. The principal research objectives are the privileges granted by King Casimir (1333-1370) to the Armenian ethnoreligious community in 1350, 1356 and 1367. Attention is given to the settlement of Armenians in the lands of the kingdom of Poland; the foreign policy of Casimir III; the development of the Polish legal system and the importance of the Armenian Datastanagirk and the legal corpora of Sempad Sparapet and Mkhitar Gosh. The role of law and law in the study of the formation and preservation of ethnicity is also taken into consideration. The role of the privileges is assessed as an indicator of how the Polish monarchy attempted to regulate relations between different ethnic groups, as well as a legal recognition of Armenian ethnic, religious and cultural identity. The study contributes to a better understanding of the question of how medieval societies identify themselves in ethnic and religious context, and how these identifications affected relationships between different cultures and individuals. References: Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego. Wyd. staraniem Galicyjskiego Wydziału Krajowego.T.3. Lwów: Księgarnia Seyfartha i Czajkowskiego, 1872. Bartlett, Robert. “Medieval and Modern Concepts of Race and Ethnicity.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 31 (2001): 39–56. Bartlett, Robert. The Making of Europe. Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change 950–1350. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. Bedos-Rezak, Brigitte. “Medieval Identity: A Sign and a Concept.” The American Historical Review 105, No. 5 (2000): 1489–1533. Grabowski, Tomasz. Studia nad statutami Kazimierza Wielkiego. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2012. Grzegorz, Pac. “The Armenian Community in Medieval Poland.” Acta Poloniae Historica 98 (2008): 79–100. Harutyunyan, Varazdat. “The Code of Smbat and the Tradition of Armenian Law.” Journal of Social Sciences of Musa Anter 4 (2016): 123–142. Heyde, Jürgen. “Migration and Ethnicity in Medieval Poland: “Ethnic Markers” in historical perspective.” In Imaginations and Configurations of Polish Society: From the Middle Ages through the 20th Century, edited by Yvonne Kleinmann, Jürgen Heyde, Dietlind Hüchtker, Dobrochna Kałwa, Joanna Nalewajko-Kulikov, Katrin Steffen and Tomasz Wiślicz, 85–108. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2017. Heyde, Jürgen. “Multiethnizität, Stadtrecht, Stadt. Lemberg im späten Mittelalter.“ Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio F – Historia 72 (2017): 95–119. Kieniewicz, Stefan. Studia nad statutami Kazimierza Wielkiego. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Prawnicze, 1964 Monumenta Poloniae Historica Vol. IV, edited by Władysław Konopczyński. Cracoviae: Academia Litterarum Cracoviensis, 1949. Nadel-Golobič, Eleonora. “Armenians and Jews in Medieval Lvov. Their Role in Oriental Trade 1400-1600.” Cahiers du Monde russe et soviétique 20, No. ¾ (1979): 345–388. Oleś, Mariana. “Casimir The Great and The Armenian Privileges, 1333-1370.” Études Slaves et Est-Européennes/Slavic and East-European Studies 11, No. ¾ (1966/67): 37–90. Quirini-Popławska, Danuta. “The Diplomacy of Casimir the Great in the Light of Recent Research.” Kwartalnik Historyczny (Historical Quarterly) 119, No. 1 (2012): 7–37. Shemmassian, Vahram. “The Concept of Law in Datastanagirk‘: An Overview.” Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies 22 (2013): 149–174. Stone, Michael E. “The Armenian Communities in Poland and Lithuania during the 14th to 16th Centuries.” Armenian Review 28, No. 3 (1975): 187–220. Tolan, John. “What do Legal Sources Tell Us about Social Practice? Possibilities and Limits.” In Law and Religious Minorities in Medieval Societies Between Theory and Praxis, edited by Ana Echevarria, Juan Pedro Monferrer-Sala, John Tolan, 229–233. Turnhout: Brepols, 2016. Vago, Steven, and Steven Barkan. Law and Society. London: Routledge, 2018.
Динамика на локалната култура на татарите в градска среда през призмата на сватбената обредност
References: Kolev, N. Balgarska etnografia (etnologia). VI izdanie. V. Tarnovo, 2002. Marinov, D. Narodna vyara i religiozni narodni obichai. BAN, Sofia, 1994. Markova, M. Lokalni kulturi i traditsii, Sofia, UI “Sv. Kliment Ohridski”, 2022. Genchev, S. Svatbata. Balgarski praznitsi i obichai, 1987 Redzheb, A. Tantsoviyat folklor v turskata svatba ot yuzhnoto Ludogorie – istoria i savremennost, Avtoreferat, 2019.
Рецензия на образователно предписание ,,Етнология и културна антропология“ Иновативно изследване с цел повишаване социокултурната компетентност на всички адресати в образователния процес (ученици-родители- учители)
The кey importance of Arctic hydrocarbons to the Russian Federation in recent times
The hydrocarbons in the Arctic and their exploitation are of key importance for the Russian Federation in modern times. Resources are important not only economically, but also geopolitically. Russia's policy in the region is to the development of new oil and gas fields, infrastructure development, investments in new mining technologies and the conclusion of important partnerships with foreign companies. References: Konыshev, V. N. , Sergunin, A. A., 2011 g. Arktika v mezhdunarodnoy politike: sotrudnichestvo ili sopernichestvo?, Rossiyskiy institut strategicheskih issledovaniy, Moskva Kochemasov Yu. V., Morgunov B. A., Solomatin V. I. Эkologo-эkonomicheskaya otsenka perspektivы razvitia Arktiki. https://ecoteco.ru/id398/ (poseten na 11.11.2022 g.) Kryukov V.A., Kryukov Ya.V. 2019 Эkonomika Arktiki v sovremennoy sisteme koordinat // Konturы globalynыh transformatsiy: politika, эkonomika, pravo. Kuklina E.A. 2020 g. Innovatsionnaya deyatelynosty predpriyatiy neftegazovogo sektora Rossii kak klyuchevoy faktor realizatsii programmы osvoenia Arktiki // Gornыy zhurnal. — № 5 (2274). — 2020. s. 20-24. Markov, Boris redaktor, yuli 2020 g., Tom 2. Deyatelynosty krupnыh neftegazovыh kompaniy v Arkticheskoy zone Rossii, Moskva, s. 9. Novak, Aleksandr: „Arktika — strategicheskiy potentsial Rossii“ – https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-osvoeniya-uglevodorodnyh-resursov-rossiyskoy-arktiki/viewer (poseten na 09.11.2022 g.) STRATEGIA RAZVITIA ARKTIChESKOY ZONЫ ROSSIYSKOY FEDERATsII I OBESPEChENIA NATsIONALYNOY BEZOPASNOSTI NA PERIOD DO 2020 GODA, http://static.government.ru/media/files/2RpSA3sctElhAGn4RN9dHrtzk0A3wZm8.pdf (poseten na 11.11.2022 g.) Strategii razvitia Arkticheskoy zonы Rossiyskoy Federatsii i obespechenia natsionalynoy bezopasnosti na period do 2035 goda, https://base.garant.ru/74810556/ (poseten na 11.11.2022 g.) «Rosnefty» nashla v Arktike uzhe 1,7 trln kubometrov gaza Podrobnee: https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2020/12/15/rosneft-nashla-v-arktike-uzhe-17-trln-kubometrov-gaza (poseten na 17.02.2024 g.)
New archival Data on the passing and struggle of the Hieromartyr Kancho from Adzhar in Bulgaria (1840–1877)
Kancho (Krastyo) Genkov (b. 1840) is the first-born son in the family of the icon-painter Genko (Georgi) Krastev, son of Krastyo Zahariev (the old) from the reputed family of the Zaharievs in Tryavna. He masters the art of his fathers, as the boys in his family do. From 1864 he is found in the village of Adzhar, tasked to paint the frescoes of the newly-constructed church of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. In Adzhar (today the village of Svezhen, near Karlovo, Plovdiv) he is married to his wife Stoya, called to priesthood similarly as was his uncle Peter, and is elevated to the dignity of priest, appointed in the same parish on June 9, 1869 (old style), as becomes clear from a decree from the Holy Synod of the Bulgarian church, recovered in the course of this study. The same decree states that presbytera Stoya is to receive a widow's allowance for her late very same husband, priest in the village of Adzhar, was murdered by the Turks in 1877. This document makes it clear that Fr. Kancho is a witness for the faith and spends the last days of his life as a new martyr, which was unknown to us. Those who have studied the life of Fr. Kancho consider that he passes away on 1924 in Tryavna. For this reason the present study ascertains and corrects the mistake of previous authors by following up on what is known of our spiritual father and here-to-forth unknown hieromartyr by analyzing it in the light of the existing sources, and thus revealing his sainthood to our contemporary audience. References: Boneva, Vera 2020 Vazrozhdenskiyat istoricheski rezervat v selo Svezhen, oblast Plovdiv. V: Nauchni trudove na Universiteta po bibliotekoznanie i informatsionni tehnologii, 18, 232 – 238 Boneva, Ivanka 1985 Teritorialno agresia na trevnenskite maystori. Spravochnitsi za rezbari, zografi i stroiteli. V: Trevnenska hudozhestvena shkola: Dokladi i saobshtenia ot nauchnata konferentsia, posvetena na Trevnenskata hudozhestvena shkola i neynoto izuchavane, Gabrovo – Tryavna, 30 – 31 oktomvri 1980 g., OF, Sofia. Vasilev, Asen 1965 Balgarski vazrozhdenski maystori: Zhivopistsi, rezbari, stroiteli. Sofia, Nauka i izkustvo Vasilev, Ivaylo 2020 Kulturno-prosvetna i sotsialno-milosardna deynost v Plovdivska eparhia: traditsii i savremenni aspekti, Nepublikuvana magistarska teza, Bogoslovski fakultet na SU „Sv. Kl. Ohridski“ Georgieva, Adelina 2020 Nadpis v tsarkva razkriva klane kato v Batak, Bulgaria dnes, 28.6.2020, https://www.bgdnes.bg/bulgaria/article/8748824 (Dostapen 30/11/2023) Doncheva - Panayotova, N. Adzharski knizhovnitsi - ilyustratori ot XVII vek. Vesta, Veliko Tarnovo, 2015. Mateva, Tanya 2022 Otkriha rannohristiyanska tsarkva v gorata kray selo Svezhen, BNT, Bulgaria v 60 minuti, 4.7.2022 g. https://bnt.bg/news/otkriha-rannohristiyanska-carkva-v-gorata-krai-selo-svezhen-v324164-307939news.html?page=13 (Dostapen 30/11/2023) O. Petar Bozhkov 1932 Starini okolo s. Adzhar, Pechatnitsa na Ivan G. Yonov, Plovdiv. O. Filip Baltov 1979 Kondika na Hram „Sv. sv. apli Petar i Pavel“, s. Svezhen – Plovdivski okrag, Karlovska duhovna okolia, Biblioteka na Plovdivska mitropolia, Plovdiv (DA – Plovdiv, f. 1792, op. 1, a.e. 89a) Kapelkov, Spas 1970 Lovets na div med, Samizdat, 22 -- 23. Sapundzhieva, Vanya 2016 Zografi otvad granitsite: vaznikvaneto na Trevnenskata hudozhestvena shkola v konteksta na Balkanskoto izkustvo XVII – XVIII v., Fondatsia „Pokrov Bogorodichen“, Sofia Yordanov, Ruslan 2012 Osveshtavane na hram „Rozhdestvo Bogorodichno nad s. Svezhen“, Ofitsialen uebsayt na Plovdivska sveta mitropolia, 8.9.2022 g., www.plovdivskamitropolia.bg/6122-2022-09-08-13-39-42.html (Dostapen 29/11/2023) Radoslavova, Dilyana 2020 Balgarskata knizhnina ot XVII vek: Tsentrove, knizhovnitsi, repertoar. Izd. Tsentar Boyan Penev, Sofia. Tsaneva, Lyuba 2013 Zografi ot Tryavna, Slavena, Sofia, 2013. Nikolova, Antoaneta 2019 Imalo edno vreme v Adzhar, Feysbuk grupa Adzhar – Istoria, 3.1.2019, https://www.facebook.com/groups/604441199726945/posts/1122504101253983 (Dostapen 30/11/2023) Macheva, Eli 2021 Istoria, zapisana ot edinstvenoto dete na Lalyu – sina mu Konstantin Serafimov, Feysbuk grupa Adzhar – Istoria, 16.04.2021, https://www.facebook.com/groups/604441199726945/permalink/1820356431468743/ (Dostapen 30/11/2023) Tavityan, Ivo 2020 Klaneto, Feysbuk grupa Adzhar -- Istoria, 4.3.2020 g., https://www.facebook.com/groups/604441199726945/posts/1463543400483383/ (Dostapen 30/11/2023) Udostoverenie № 63 / 30.8.1909 ot Arhiva na hram Sv. Sv. Apli Petar i Pavel, Svezhen. Ukaz na Sv. Sinod na Balgarskata ekzarhia №1 ot 10 yanuari 1909 g., br. 5 na TsV, 1910 g. Kniga za umiraniyata (1888 – 1918), Hram „Sv. sv. apli Petar i Pavel“ – s. Svezhen, Plovdivska eparhia, https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=782483307012238&set=pcb.25214 (Dostapen na 30.11.2023) Sv. Grigoriy Bogoslov 2017 (St Gregory of Nazianzus). Select Orations, The Catholic University of America Press, Washington, D.C.
Prevention for early “marriages” and births - is it possible?
In 2019 in the small Municipality Straldzha, Sliven District was piloted an international project with a research component. The main aim was to address lack of reproductive rights and to encourage empowerment of 13-14 years girls in four Roma communities in three EU countries – Spain, Romania, Bulgaria. The key question of the study was about mechanisms that influenced Roma girls about their decision to become mothers. The task of local teams was to test a program that will support girls to postpone „marriage“ and birth after their graduation on school or reaching 18 years of age. The report represents results at the formal end of the project in the middle of 2021, but also includes observation in the next two years till August 2023. References: Zahova, S. 2015. Izsledvane na sotsialni normi, koito vazprepyatstvat dostapa na romskite momicheta do obrazovanie. Sofia: UNITSEF. Liezhoa, Zh.P. 1999. Romi, tsigani, chergari. Sofia: Litavra. NE/ravno detstvo. Tsyalosten analiz na detskata bednost i sotsialno izklyuchvane v Bulgaria. 2022. Sofia: UNITSEF: https://www.unicef.org/eca/media/22141/file/Deep%20Dive%20Bulgaria%20-%20Main%20Report%20BG.pdf.pdf (20.12.2023) Romski arhiv, dostapen na adres: http://roma-swu.weebly.com/ (20.12.2023) Call-Cummings, M., Hauber-Özer, M., Byers, C., Mancuso, Gr. P. 2018. The power of/in Photovoice, International Journal of Research & Method in Education. Garcia-Ramirez, M., Soto-Ponce, B., Albar-Marín, M.J., Parra-Casado, D.L., Popova, D., & Tomsa, R. 2020. RoMoMatteR: Empowering Roma Girls ’Mattering through Reproductive Justice. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,17(22), 84-98; Jensen, E. 2009. Teaching With Poverty in Mind: What Being Poor Does to Kids' Brains and What Schools Can Do About It. O.Latz, А., M. Mulvihill, Th. 2017. Photovoice Research in Education and Beyond: A Practical Guide from Theory to Exhibition, New York: Routledge. Maslow, A.H. 1943. A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review 50(4): 370-96. Migliorini, L., Rana, N. 2016. A qualitative method to “make visible” the world of intercultural relationships: the photovoice in social psychology, Qualitative Research in Psychology. Miranda, D. E., Zhelyazkova, L., Sladkova, J. 2021. A Photovoice Project for Ethnic Health Justice: Reflections from Roma Communities in Seville, Spain. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 12(2), 1-17.