European crisis
the rise of populism and euroscepticism
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.60054/PEU.2017.4.71-79Ключови думи :
Euroscepticism, Populism, Ideology, European UnionАбстракт
Eurosceptic and populist parties have shown strong tendencies to win power and set the political agenda for the last decades in several EU countries. The elections in some of those countries have shown that they didn’t achieve their goals, but they won significant number of votes that indicates that euroscepticism and populism are not dead.
The paper presents an overview of the results ofsome Eurosceptic and populist movements at the national elections in severalEUMember States and itsearchesfor an answerto the questions whether populism and euroscepticism are a 21st century invention, what is the ideological background of the crisis of legitimacy in the EU, how do they relate to classical political ideologies, what is the response of the mainstream politicians to these threats. The theoretical debate, which includes an overview of some of the key authors, is enhanced by the author’s contribution ofrecommendationsfor the possible convincing alternatives which should be put forward to counter this phenomenon to preserve the European project.
Литература (библиография)
Anderson, M. (2001). States and Nationalism in Europe since 1945. Routledge.
Bertoncini, Y., & Koenig, N. (2014). Euroscepticism or Europhobia: Voice vs. Exit? (Policy Paper 121). Jaques Delors Institute.
Cartou, L. (1986). Communaute du Charbon et d’Acier. Dalloz.
Chopin, T. (2015). Euroscepticism and Europhopbia: the Threat of Populism (European Issues, n.375). Foundation Robert Schuman.
Cuperus, R. (2007). Populism against globalisation: a new European revolt. Във 'Rethinking Immigration and Integration: a New Centre-Left Agenda'. Policy Network. http://www.policy-network.net
Dutch elections: Rutte starts coalition talks after beating Wilders into second – as it happened. (2017, March 16). The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com
Easton, D. (1965). A Systems Analysis of Political Life. Wiley.
Eurobarometer, Special 461. (2017, April). Designing Europe’s future: Trust in institutions Globalisation Support for the euro, opinions about free trade and solidarity.
European Commission. (2017, March 1). Press Release Future of European Debates. Brussels.
European Commission. (2017, March 1). The White Book. The Telegtaph.
Graham, C. (2017, March 16). Who won the Dutch election and what does it mean for Geert Wilders and the far-Right in the Netherlands and Europe? The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk.
Hix, S. (2008). What’s Wrong with the European Union and how to Fix It. Wiley.
Hogge, L., & Marks, G. (2008). A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus. British Journal of Political Science, 39(1).
How to Save Europe? (2017, March 25). The Economist, 8.
Johnson, A. (2017, May 7). French Election: Macron’s Victory Hailed — and Decried — as Boost for United Europe. NBC News. http://www.nbcnews.com
Kopecky, P., & Mudde, C. (2002). The Two Sides of Euroscepticism. Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe. European Union Politics, 3(3), 297–326.
Krastev, I. (2006). ‘The new Europe: respectable populism and clockwork liberalism’. www.openDemocracy.net
Merritt, G. (2017, April). The Challenges facing Europe: Focus on US-Europe relationships. The Foreign Service Journal, 29–35.
Mouffe, C. (2005). The 'End of Politics' and the Challenge of Right-wing Populism. Във Populism and the Mirror of Democracy. Verso, London.
Muro, D., & Vidal, G. (2016). Political mistrust in southern Europe since the Great Recession. Mediterranean Politics. Taylor&Francis Online.
Puhle, H-J. (2003). Zwischen Protest und Politikstil: Populismus, Neo-Populismus und Demokratie. Във N. Werz (Hrsg.), Populismus. Populisten in Ubersee und Europa (pp. 15–43). Opladen.
Schuman, R. (1953). in Reuter, P. La Communaute du Charbon et d’Acier, Preface (p. 7).
Shahid, W. America in Populist Times: An Interview with Chantal Mouffe. The Nation. http://www.thenation.com
Smith, A. D. (2003). Nationalism and modernism. Routledge.
A Special Report on the Future of the European Union. (2017, March 25). The Economist, 3–16.
Szczerbiak, A., & Taggart, P. (2003). Theorising Party-Based Euroscepticism: Problems of Definition, Measurement and Causality (Sussex European Institute Working Paper No. 69).
Taggart, P. (1998). “A Touchstone of Dissent: Euroscepticism in Contemporary Western European Party Systems”. European Journal of Political Research, 33(3).
The Next French Revolution. (2017, March 4). The Economist.
Topaloff, K. L. (2012). Political Parties and Euroscepticism. Palgrave Macmillan.
Verhofstadt, G. (2017). Europe’s Last Chance: Why the European States Must Form a More Perfect Union. Basic Books.
Verhofstadt, G. (2017, January 30). His address. Reuters News.
Zabala, S. (2017). “The difference between right and left-wing populism”. Al Jazeera. http://www.aljazeera.com.
