A new type of foreign relations

enhancing Europe’s resilience and its impacts on the EU’s external actions

Автори

  • Peter Hefele Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.60054/PEU.2023.10.61-70

Ключови думи :

Resilience, International Relations, Sustainable Development, Democracy, European Union

Абстракт

The “polycrisis” Europe has been undergoing for over a decade has called for a more robust, more resilient European Union. Resilience is now a key element of policy design on the EU level and will have ground-breaking effects in all policy fields. Yet, surprisingly, the impact of this transformation on the foreign relations of the Union (and its member states) in terms of trade relations and security has hardly been discussed and understood. The article will analyse the evolution of this concept in EU Policy and its effects on reshaping EU external policies. Three dimensions of resilience: democracy promotion, trade relations and green transformation are taken as case studies. The analysis aims at contributing to a better understanding of the future of international relations and the need for modernising the toolset of the EU as a unique actor in global policies.

Литература (библиография)

Alliance of Democracies. (2023). Alliance of Democracies. Available at: https://wwwallianceofdemocracies.org/about/ (Accessed: 30 April 2023).

Bindi, F. (2022). The Foreign Policy of the European Union: Assessing Europe’s Role in the World. Third edition. Edited by F. Bindi. Brookings Institution Press.

Blot, E., & Kettunen, M. (2021). Environmental Credentials of EU Trade Policy. Available at: https://ieep.eu/publications/environmental-credentials-of-eu-trade-policy/ (Accessed: 3 June 2023).

Chikh M ́hamed, S. (2022). The European Green Deal - Perspectives for the EU-Asia Relationship. Available at: https://www.kas.de/de/einzeltitel/-/content/the-european-green-deal (Accessed: 3 June 2023).

Chryssogelos, A. (2023, 27 January). ‘Why a cacophony of EU voices on China is a good thing’. EuObserver. Available at: https://euobserver.com/opinion/156956 (Accessed: 2 May 2023).

Council of Europe. (2021). Council conclusions on Climate and Energy Diplomacy - Delivering on the external dimension of the European Green Deal.

Delputte, S., & Orbie, J. (2019). Challenges to EU Development Policy: Paradigm Lost or Stretched? Available at: https://www.developmentresearch.eu/?p=425 (Accessed: 1 May 2023).

Duchàtel, M. (2022). Effective Deterrence? The Coming European Anti-Coercion Instrument. Available at: https://www.institutmontaigne.org/en/expressions/effective-deterrence-coming-european-anti-coercion-instrument (Accessed: 28 April 2023).

European Central Bank. (2022). A new global map: European resilience in a changing world. Keynote speech by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Available at: https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2022/html/ecb.sp220422~c43 (Accessed: 29 April 2023).

European Commission. (2020a). 2020 Strategic Foresight Report. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/mission-letter-maros-sefcovic-2019_en.pdf.

European Commission. (2020b). EU Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy 2020–2024. Available at: https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vl79k5wf9sxs (Accessed: 30 April 2023).

European Commission. (2021a). Commission Staff working document: Strategic dependencies and capacities.

European Commission. (2021b). Updating the 2020 Industrial Strategy. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_21_1884 (Accessed: 29 April 2023).

European Commission. (2022). State of the Union 2022 by the President of the European Commission. Available at: https://state-of-the-union.ec.europa.eu/state-union-2022_en (Accessed: 3 June 2023).

European Commission. (2023). Service for Foreign Policy Instruments. Available at: https://fpi.ec.europa.eu/index_en (Accessed: 2 May 2023).

European Commission, J.R.C. (2023). Resilience reports. Available at: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/scientific-activities-z/resilience/resilience-reports_en (Accessed: 1 May 2023).

European Parliament. (2023). Foreign Interference in all Democratic Processes in the European Union, including Disinformation | ICMs | Relations with National Parliaments | European Parliament. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/relnatparl/en/icms/inge-foreign-interference-eu (Accessed: 30 April 2023).

European Union External Action Service. (2016). Critically assess and analyse the notion that the EU is a Normative Power. Available at: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/node/15687_en (Accessed: 1 May 2023).

Eurostat. (2022). International trade in goods - Statistics Explained. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/ (Accessed: 29 April 2023).

Furness, M. et al. (2020). ‘EU development policy: Evolving as an instrument of foreign policy and as an expression of solidarity’. Journal of Contemporary European Research. University Association for Contemporary European Studies, pp. 89-100. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30950/jcer.v16i2.1156.

Garcia-Duran, P., & Eliasson, L.J. (2022). ‘Was the European Union’s 2021 Trade Strategy a Critical Juncture?’. European Foreign Affairs Review, 27(4), pp. 563-584. Available at: https://doi.org/10.54648/EERR2022037.

Global Democracy Coalition. (2023). Global Democracy Coalition. Available at: https://globaldemocracycoalition.org/ (Accessed: 30 April 2023).

Global Resilience Partnership. (2023). Partnership Policy. Available at: https://wwwglobalresiliencepartnership.org/who-we-are/partners/partner-policy/ (Accessed: 2 May 2023).

Hefele, P., & Novaky, N. (2022). Russia’s War Against Ukraine is Changing Europe’s Strategic Culture. Martens Centre InBrief. Available at: https://www.martenscentre.eu/publication/russias-war-against-ukraine-is-changing-europes-strategic-culture/ (Accessed: 1 May 2023).

Huang, Z., & Saxena, S.C. (2021). ‘Building Forward Better: Enhancing Resilience of Asia and Pacific Economies in a Post-COVID-19 World’. ACBI Working Papers [Preprint], (1239). Available at: https://doi.org/10.22/JS/JQUERY.DATATABLES.MIN.JS.

Hübner, C. (2016). Geopolitics of Energy transition. Available at: https://www.kas.de/en/web/energie-klima-lateinamerika/single-title/-/content/globale-energiewende-geopolitik (Accessed: 2 May 2023).

Juncos, A.E. (2017). ‘Resilience as the new EU foreign policy paradigm: a pragmatist turn?’. European Security, 26(1), pp. 1-18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2016.1247809.

Keukeleire, S., & Delreux, T. (2022). The Foreign Policy of the European Union. Bloomsbury Academic.

Lenne, S. (2022). Making EU Foreign Policy Fit for a Geopolitical World - Carnegie Europe - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Available at: https://carnegieeurope.eu/2022/04/14/making-eu-foreign-policy-fit-for-geopolitical-world-pub-86886 (Accessed: 1 May 2023).

Leonard, M. et al. (2021). The Geopolitics of the European Geen Deal.

Leonhard, M. (2022). The Age of Unpeace. Penguin.

Lührmann, A., & Lindberg, S.I. (2019). ‘A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it?’. Democratization, 26(7), pp. 1095-1113. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2019.1582029.

Molthof, L. (2019). ‘“A Europe that protects”: what does that actually mean?’. EUobserver [Preprint]. Available at: https://euobserver.com/opinion/145065.

Pilati, M., & Mollet, F. (2021). Updating the European industrial strategy for the post-pandemic world. Available at: https://www.epc.eu/en/Publications/Updating-the-European-industrial-strategy-for-the-post-pandemic-world~3d1c88 (Accessed: 29 April 2023).

Posen, A.S. (2022, 17 March). ‘The End of Globalization?’. Foreign Affairs. Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2022-03-17/end-globalization (Accessed: 1 May 2023).

Rita, A., & Manca, R. (2017). ‘Building a Scientific Narrative Towards a More Resilient EU Society. Part 1: a Conceptual Framework’. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2760/635528.

Van den Abeele, E. (2021). ‘Towards a New Paradigm in Open Strategic Autonomy?’. SSRN Electronic Journal [Preprint]. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3873798 (Accessed: 3 June 2023).

Wiener, A., Bürzel, T.A., & Risse, T. (2018). European Integration Theory. Oxford University Press. Available at: https://global.oup.com/ukhe/product/european-integration-theory-9780198737315?cc=be&lang=en& (Accessed: 1 May 2023).

Файлове за сваляне

Публикуван

2025-12-22

Брой

Раздел (Секция)

First panel: THE STATE OF THE EU - A NEED FOR UNITY AND SOLIDARITY