Democratisation on the move
mobile citizens as a factor for political stability and quality of democracy in the EU
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.60054/PEU.2025.12.109-115Ключови думи :
free movement of people, migration and democratisation, new citizenship, EU electionsАбстракт
The migration phenomenon has consistently accompanied European civilization’s development. Today, the processes of globalization and European integration are intensifying the impact of migration across the European continent. These processes increase the scale of migratory flows, diversify migratory patterns, and stimulate new forms of identity, connectivity, and solidarity. These new forms of relationships between the country of origin, migrants, and the country of destination bring valuable resources for social, economic, and political development.
This analysis is dedicated to examining the potential of mobile EU citizens to enhance political stability and the quality of democracy, both within their home countries and throughout the European Union. The findings reveal an intriguing paradox. Despite the considerable potential for contribution, mobile citizens appear to face disadvantages concerning one of the most noticeable aspects of democratic participation at the EU level--European Parliament elections.
Литература (библиография)
Angelou, A. (2025). Linking crises: Inter-crisis learning and the European Commission’s approach to the National Recovery and Resilience Plans. Comparative European Politics, 23(1), 40-56.
Ansell, C., Sørensen, E., & Torfing, J. (2023). Public administration and politics meet turbulence: The search for robust governance responses. Public Administration, 101(1), 3-22.
Ansell, C., Sørensen, E., Torfing, J., & Trondal, J. (2024). Robust governance in turbulent times. Cambridge University Press.
Anzola, D., Barbrook-Johnson, P., & Cano, J. I. (2017). Self-organization and social science. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 23, 221-257.
Armangau, R. (12.06.2024). Highest turnout for 30 years, but almost half of Europe shuns European elections. EuroNews. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/06/12/european-elections-2024-turnout-increased-participation-but-no-major-surge
Arroyo, J., Del Giovane, C., Mizsei, B., Vu, H., & Yeung, T. Y. C. (2024). The EU Vaccines Strategy: A mixed bag of achievements and discontent. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 1-17.
Beaussier, A. L., & Cabane, L. (2020). Strengthening the EU’s response capacity to health emergencies: insights from EU crisis management mechanisms. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 11(4), 808-820.
Behnke, N. (2024). Coping with turbulence and safeguarding against authoritarianism: Polycentric governance as a resilience resource. Politics and Governance, 12. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.8596
Biten, M., Kuhn, T., & van der Brug, W. (2023). How does fiscal austerity affect trust in the European Union? Analyzing the role of responsibility attribution. Journal of European Public Policy, 30(6), 1033-1050.
Boin, A., & Rhinard, M. (2023). Crisis management performance and the European Union: the case of COVID-19. Journal of European Public Policy, 30(4), 655-675.
Börzel, T. A., & Panke, D. (2007). Network governance: Effective and legitimate?. In Theories of democratic network governance (pp. 153-166). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Brack, N. (2018). Opposing Europe in the European Parliament: Rebels and radicals in the chamber. Palgrave Macmillan.
Cabane, L., & Lodge, M. (2024). Un-solvable crises? Differential implementation and transboundary crisis management in the EU. West European Politics, 47(3), 491-514.
Chiaramello, D., Cortinovis, R., Kajander, N., Loeschner, J., Majorano Sarapo, F., Rosinska, A., Scapolo, F., Sermi, F., Talì, T., & Tarchi, D. (2024). Atlas of Migration - 2024. Office of the European Union.
Christensen, T., Danielsen, O. L. E. A., Lægreid, P., & Rykkja, H. (2016). Comparing coordination structures for crisis management in six countries. Public Administration, 94(2), 316-332.
Cîrli, C.-C., & Mentzelopoulou, M. M. (2024). Voting from abroad in European Parliament elections. EPRS.
Crackdown on democracy in Türkiye and the arrest of Ekrem İmamoğlu (debate). (01.04.2025). European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-04-01-ITM-015_EN.html
De Rynck, S. (2016). Banking on a union: the politics of changing eurozone banking supervision. Journal of European Public Policy, 23(1), 119-135.
Dramatic situation in Gaza and the need for an immediate return to the full implementation of the ceasefire and hostage release agreement (debate). (01.04.2025). European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-04-01-ITM-016_EN.html
Duszczyk, M., Podgórska, K., & Pszczółkowska, D. (2020). From mandatory to voluntary. Impact of V4 on the EU relocation scheme. European Politics and Society, 21(4), 470-487.
EU support for a just, sustainable and comprehensive peace in Ukraine (debate). (07.05.2025). European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-05-07-ITM-003_EN.html
European Commission. (2024). The EU Blue Economy Report. Publications Office of the European Union.
European Commission. (2025). The EU Blue Economy Report. Publications Office of the European Union.
European Commission. (б.г.). Marine environment. A unified EU response to unjustified US trade measures and global trade opportunities for the EU (debate). (2025). Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-05-06-ITM-003_EN.html (Accessed: 24.05.2025).
Brack, N. (2018). Opposing Europe in the European Parliament: Rebels and Radicals in the Chamber. Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Crackdown on democracy in Türkiye and the arrest of Ekrem İmamoğlu (debate). (2025). Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-04-01-ITM-015_EN.html (Accessed: 24.05.2025).
Dramatic situation in Gaza and the need for an immediate return to the full implementation of the ceasefire and hostage release agreement (debate). (2025). Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-04-01-ITM-016_EN.html (Accessed: 24.05.2025).
EU support for a just, sustainable and comprehensive peace in Ukraine (debate). (2025). Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-05-07-ITM-003_EN.html (Accessed: 24.05.2025).
Kopecký, P., & Mudde, C. (2002). The two sides of Euroscepticism: Party positions on European integration in East Central Europe. European Union Politics, 3(3), 297-326.
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (1985). Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics. Verso, London.
Political crisis in Serbia (debate). (2025). Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-02-11-ITM-015_EN.html (Accessed: 24.05.2025).
Szczerbiak, A., & Taggart, P. (2008). Opposing Europe?: The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Taggart, P., & Szczerbiak, A. (2002). The party politics of Euroscepticism in EU member and candidate states. SEI Working Paper No. 51. Sussex European Institute.
Taggart, P., & Szczerbiak, A. (2004). Contemporary Euroscepticism in the party systems of the EU candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 43(1), 1-27.
Usherwood, S., & Startin, N. (2013). Euroscepticism as a persistent phenomenon. Journal of Common Market Studies, 51(1), 1-16. https://environment.ec.europa.eu/topics/marine-environment_en
European Parliament. (01.12.2022). Make it easier for 11 million EU citizens to participate in European elections. Press Releases AFCO. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20221128IPR58024/make-it-easier-for-11-million-eu-citizens-to-participate-in-european-elections.
EuroNews. (2024). European elections saw rise in turnout, but no surge. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/06/12/european-elections-2024-turnout-increased-participation-but-no-major-surge
Fabbrini, F. (2015). Austerity, the European Council, and the institutional future of the European Union: a proposal to strengthen the presidency of the European Council. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 22(2), 269-334.
Feiock, R. C., & Scholz, J. T. (2010). Self-organizing governance of institutional collective action dilemmas: An overview. In Self-organizing federalism: Collaborative mechanisms to mitigate institutional collective action dilemmas (pp. 3-32).
Ferrara, F. M., & Kriesi, H. (2022). Crisis pressures and European integration. Journal of European Public Policy, 29(9), 1351-1373.
Garton Ash, T., Macfarlane, E., & Snow, D. (2021). Europe Today and Tomorrow: What Europeans Want (eupinions Briefs, 25 May 2021). https://eupinions.eu/de/text/europe-today-and-tomorrow-what-europeans-want.
Georgiev, V. (2014). Towards a common European border security policy. In Developing European Internal Security Policy (pp. 113-132). Routledge.
Gjaltema, J., Biesbroek, R., & Termeer, K. (2020). From government to governance... to meta-governance: a systematic literature review. Public Management Review, 22(12), 1760-1780.
Gould, C. C. (2007). Transnational Solidarities. Journal of Social Philosophy, 38, 148-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9833.2007.00371.x
Hutcheson, D. S., & Ostling, A. (2021). Comparative overview of the obstacles to political participation. https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/71158
König, T., & Luig, B. (2017). The impact of EU decision-making on national parties’ attitudes towards European integration. European Union Politics, 18(3), 362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116517709092
Kopecký, P., & Mudde, C. (2002). The two sides of Euroscepticism: Party positions on European integration in East Central Europe. European Union Politics, 3(3), 297-326.
Krogh, A. H., & Triantafillou, P. (2024). Developing New Public Governance as a public management reform model. Public Management Review, 26(10), 3040-3056.
Laclau, E., & Mouffe, C. (1985). Hegemony and socialist strategy: Towards a radical democratic politics. Verso.
Mårand, F., Hofmann, S. C., & Irondelle, B. (2011). Governance and state power: A network analysis of European security. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 49(1), 121-147.
Martinsen, D. S., Mastenbroek, E., & Schrama, R. (2022). The power of ‘weak’ institutions: Assessing the EU’s emerging institutional architecture for improving the implementation and enforcement of joint policies. Journal of European Public Policy, 29(10), 1529-1545.
Mastenbroek, E., & Martinsen, D. S. (2018). Filling the gap in the European administrative space: The role of administrative networks in EU implementation and enforcement. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(3), 422-435.
McElroy, G., & Benoit, K. (2006). Party Groups and Policy Positions in the European Parliament. Party Politics, 13(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068806068593
Meltzer, C., Eberl, J.-M., Theorin, N., Lind, F., Schemer, C., Boomgaarden, H., Strömbäck, J., Heidenreich, T., & Boomgaarden, H. (2018). Perceptions of the Impact of Immigration and Attitudes Towards Free Movement Within the EU: A Cross-National Study.
Moraczewska, A. (2024). Crisis management at the EU’s external borders in the face of migratory pressures. In Geopolitical and humanitarian aspects of the Belarus - EU border conflict (pp. 47-60). Routledge.
Ovacık, G., Ineli-Ciger, M., & Ulusoy, O. (2024). Taking Stock of the EU-Turkey Statement in 2024. European Journal of Migration and Law, 26(2), 154-178.
Political crisis in Serbia (debate). (11.02.2025). European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-02-11-ITM-015_EN.html
Roos, M., & Schade, D. (2023). Introduction: The EU under strain. In M. Roos, & D. Schade (Eds.), The EU under strain?: Current crises shaping European Union politics (Vol. 1). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
Schild, J. (2013). Leadership in hard times: Germany, France, and the management of the Eurozone crisis. German Politics and Society, 31(1), 24-47.
Schoeller, M. G. (2018). The rise and fall of Merkozy: Franco-German bilateralism as a negotiation strategy in Eurozone crisis management. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 56(5), 1019-1035.
Schout, A., & Jordan, A. (2005). Coordinated European governance: Self-organizing or centrally steered?. Public Administration, 83(1), 201-220.
Schrama, R., Martinsen, D. S., & Mastenbroek, E. (2024). European administrative networks during times of crisis: Exploring the temporal development of the internal market network SOLVIT. Regulation & Governance, 18(4), 1395-1410.
Sørensen, E., & Torfing, J. (2007). Theoretical approaches to metagovernance. In Theories of democratic network governance (pp. 169-182). Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Staykova, E. (2025). Citizen participation and engagement. In From European citizenship to sustainable innovative products. Nakladetelstvi Leges. https://online.flipbuilder.com/michaela/kcri/
Szczerbiak, A., & Taggart, P. (2008). Opposing Europe?: The comparative party politics of Euroscepticism. Oxford University Press.
Taggart, P., & Szczerbiak, A. (2002). The party politics of Euroscepticism in EU member and candidate states (SEI Working Paper No. 51). Sussex European Institute.
Taggart, P., & Szczerbiak, A. (2004). Contemporary Euroscepticism in the party systems of the EU candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 43(1), 1-27.
Thygesen, N., Beetsma, R., Bordignon, M., Duchêne, S., & Szczurek, M. (2019). Assessment of EU fiscal rules with a focus on the six and two-pack legislation (European Fiscal Board Report).
UNEP. (b.g.). The Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP). Available at: https://www.unep.org/unepmap/
A unified EU response to unjustified US trade measures and global trade opportunities for the EU (debate). (2025, 6 май). European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/CRE-10-2025-05-06-ITM-003_EN.html
Usherwood, S., & Startin, N. (2013). Euroscepticism as a persistent phenomenon. Journal of Common Market Studies, 51(1), 1-16.
Vertovec, S. (2001). Transnationalism and identity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(4), 573-582.
Visconti, F. (2023). Voting across borders? The electoral consequences of individual transnationalism. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 34(4), 656-675.
Vogler, J. P. (2020). The political economy of the European Union: An exploration of EU institutions and governance from the perspective of polycentrism. In P. J. Boettke, B. Herzberg, & B. Kogelmann (Eds.), Exploring the political economy and social philosophy of Vincent and Elinor Ostrom (pp. 145-181).
Witte, N., & Deutschmann, E. (05.06.2024). Mobile Europeans love Europe but participate less in European Parliament elections. LSE. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2024/06/05/mobile-europeans-love-europe-but-participate-less-in-european-parliament-elections/
Yi, H. (2018). Network structure and governance performance: What makes a difference?. Public Administration Review, 78(2), 195-205.
Zaun, N. (2017). EU asylum policies: The power of strong regulating states. Springer.
Zhelyazkova, A. (2024). Do EU policies constrain government autonomy? Insights from the implementation of EU migration policies. West European Politics, 47(3), 595-618.