Guidelines for articles

GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS 

Authors are requested to submit their manuscripts by uploading them on the OJS platform, available at the site of the journal at the AUTHORS section. In case of encountering any problems, potential authors can get in contact with the journal at the following address: contrastive@slav.uni-sofia.bg.

The journal accepts articles written in Bulgarian, Russian, English, French, German, Italian and Spanish.

Guidelines for articles

On initial submission of articles and reviews of scientific works (books, collections, dictionaries, etc.) to the OJS platform, the article or review must not contain the name(s) of the author(s) and any data that can reveal their identity.

Manuscripts of articles should not exceed 30 000 symbols, including spaces, the title, the footnotes and the References.  

The title of the article, written in the language of the article, should be all caps, 14 pt, bold, and centered.

An empty line should follow this.

After that, first and family name(s) of the author(s), in the language of the article, should appear with the following characteristics – each name starts with a capital letter, 12 pt, centered.

Immediately after that, in the language of the contribution, the institutional affiliation(s) of the author(s) are provided.

An empty line should follow this.

Then the title of the article, written in English should appear (only for article not written in English), all caps, 14 pt, bold, and centered.

An empty line should follow this.

After that, first and family name(s) of the author(s), in the Latin alphabet should appear with the following characteristics – each name starts with a capital letter, 12 pt, centered.

Immediately after that the institutional affiliation(s) of the author(s) should be provided in English.

An empty line should follow this.

Then a short annotation (of up to 1,400 characters) in English (10 p., small letters), without the caption summary/abstract/ annotation should appear. This should be followed by the caption Key words: (10 pt., italic), colon and up to five keywords in English (10 рt., small caps).

No full stop should appear at the end of the list of keywords.

An empty line should follow this. 

Then a short annotation (of up to 1,400 characters) in Russian (10 p., small letters) should appear, without the caption summary/abstract/ annotation should appear.

No full stop should appear at the end of the list of keywords.

Abstracts and keywords are not indented by 1.27.

A standard word processing program, Microsoft Word or LibreOffice, should be used for formatting manuscripts, Times New Roman font, 12 points. If other fonts are used, they must be provided as separate files. Only Unicode fonts should be used. Old Bulgarian examples should be formatted with CyrillicaOchrid10U, and the fonts used should be sent together with the text of the manuscript. When dialectal examples are adduced, available Unicode font possibilities should be used. If there are any features of the transcription that cannot be conveyed with these fonts, the fonts used must be sent.

Italic, bold, and their combinations, e.g. linguistics (Bold Italic), may also be used in the text of the manuscript.

The line spacing is single.

There is 1 free line between the title of a part or subsection and the following text.

The titles of parts, sections and subsections are numbered with Arabic numerals and are in bold, 12 pt.

Paragraphs and footnotes (10 pt.) are formatted using the automatic capabilities of Microsoft Word or LibreOffice; the use of tabs is not allowed when formatting paragraphs. Each new paragraph begins with a first line identation of 1.27.

Footnotes are indexed with increasing number throughout the article, with each note appearing at the bottom of the page on which it is indexed. Footnotes are numbered with Arabic numerals and follow the numbering without interruption until the end of the manuscript.

Examples should be written in Italic.

Examples in a language other than Bulgarian should be glossed. The Leipzig Glossing Rules: Conventions for interlinear morpheme-by-morpheme glosses (https://www.eva.mpg.de/lingua/pdf/Glossing-Rules.pdf) should be used.

If word meanings are presented, these meanings should be enclosed in single quotation marks, e.g. Fr. femme ‘woman’. If the examples are in a language other than the language of the publication, their translation is enclosed in double quotation marks.

All photographs, illustrations, graphs, diagrams and tables must be black and white and of a quality suitable for printing. The author(s) must indicate the source of any photograph. The author(s) is/are responsible for the rights to illustrations (photographs, graphs, diagrams, tables) taken from other sources.

Graphs, diagrams, tables and photographs are captioned at the top, 12 pt., bold, centered.

When citing in Bulgarian, lower opening (like nines) quotation marks and upper closing (like sixes) quotation marks should be used, e.g. „Благодаря”, and when citing in the Latin alphabet, the quotation marks should follow the English language standard, e.g. “Thank you”. Quotation marks of the type «…..» are allowed if they are part of the spelling standard of the language in which the article is written.

All instances of dash use should be of the en-dash (–), not hyphens. This applies to line initial dashes, dashes indicating page ranges, dates and years, etc.  In these cases, a hyphen (-) should not be used.

At the end of the manuscript an alphabetically arranged ЛИТЕРАТУРА / REFERENCES should appear. This is not a literature review on the topic, but a list of references directly cited in the body of the article. All references mentioned in the ЛИТЕРАТУРА / REFERENCES should be directly cited in the text, and vice versa, any citation in the text should appear appropriately referenced in the ЛИТЕРАТУРА / REFERENCES section.

The ЛИТЕРАТУРА / REFERENCES cannot contain abbreviations of titles, periodicals, journals, and cities. First names of authors and editors should be given in full, initials are inadmissible.

If the text of the publication is in a Cyrillic script, in section ЛИТЕРАТУРА all the Cyrillic sources should be listed alphabetically, followed by an empty line. After the empty line, a section REFERENCES should be provided, which contains all references in the Latin script, including transliterations of the Cyrillic ones from the section ЛИТЕРАТУРА. If the text is in a language using the Latin script, first the section REFERENCES should appear, in the ЛИТЕРАТУРА / REFERENCES section, the sources in Latin are given first, including transliterations of the Cyrillic references, and after an empty line the sources in a language using the Cyrillic script should be provided.

The transliteration of Bulgarian sources should conform to the Transliteration Act (see https://lex.bg/laws//ldoc/2135623667). For convenience ttps://slovored.com/transliteration/ can be used.

For the transliteration of sources in Russian one may use http://translit.ru .

Authors may choose a transliteration system corresponding to the local tradition for transliterating texts in Cyrillic. This is applicable only for texts that are not written in Bulgarian.

After the heading ЛИТЕРАТУРА or REFERENCES (12 pt., bold, centered) an empty line follows, after which an alphabetical list of all the cited sources (10 pt.) is provided. The first line is not indented but the remaining lines in a reference should stand at an ident of 1.27.

After the specified e-mail addresses, the date of access is specified, e.g. https://www.24chasa.bg/mneniya/article/6100481[Accessed 30 April 2024].

Acknowledgements are written after the end of the text, but before ЛИТЕРАТУРА and/or REFERENCES. Their title is Acknowledgments & Funding, 12 pt., bold, centered, and the text itself is placed below.

If a scientist's name is listed in Acknowledgements & Funding, their ORCID identification is placed in parentheses.         

After writing ЛИТЕРАТУРА and/or REFERENCES, 12 pt., bold, centered, a blank line follows, and then the cited sources are formatted as a list without numbering in front. The arrangement is in alphabetical order according to the author’s last name (or the first of several authors). Each cited source is formatted in a separate paragraph – 10 pt., without initial indentation, but the following lines of the paragraph are indented 1.27.

After ЛИТЕРАТУРА and/or REFERENCES, there is a blank line, and then the academic title, the author's first and last name, and the scientific degree are presented in English (10 pt.). The next line must include an ORCID number, and if avalable: Web of Science Researcher ID and Scopus Author ID. Then, the department, institution, city, country, and work email address are indicated (10 pt.)

Pages are not numbered.

When formatting references in the text and the list of cited sources, the name and year citation system (Harvard system) specified in Annex A (illustrative), point A.2 of BDS ISO 690:2021 Information and documentation. Guidelines for bibliographic reference and citation of information resources (ISO 690:2021) should be followed with some modifications.

Auto-citation does not improve the quality of the text and is not encouraged.

 

Intext citations

References in the text follow the pattern author – year or author – year – page(s). If the author's name is in Cyrillic, it is transliterated into Latin. References of the type (ibid.: pp. 60 – 61) are not allowed.

Citing a single author publication

   (Smith, 1987)   

   (Nitsolova, 2008, p. 56)  

   (Nitsolova, 2008, pp. 56 – 58)

When the article is in a language using the Latin alphabet and the author’s name is mentioned in the sentence or there is an exact quote, only the year of publication of the work is indicated in parentheses. When the cited author is not mentioned and his views are freely conveyed, the author's last name and the year are placed in parentheses. Examples:

According to Fischer (2000, р. 113), the occurrence of ….

The occurrences of the short forms of the personal pronouns show that they are used in a standard way (Avgustinova, 1997).

Citing or providing a summative description involving multiple sources on a common topic

If the summing up of a common topic/citation includes publications by diverse authors, the order is alphabetical by the authors’ last names, separated by a semicolon. Examples: (Ivanova, 2010; Nitsolova, 2008, p. 15; Pashov, 1999, pp. 99 – 105)

Citing in case of coincidence of family names

In case of coincidence of family names of different authors cited in the text, initials should be included in the brackets, e.g. (Kutsarov, I., 2007), (Kutsarov, K., 2010).

Two or more publications by one author in the same year

Two or more publications by one author in the same year are distinguished by adding lowercase Latin letters a, b, c … after the year, e.g. (Nitsolova, 2008a), (Nitsolova, 2008b).

Citing or providing a summative description including multiple sources with the same author

When the reference includes two or more works by the same author, the formatting follows the pattern illustrated here: (Nitsolova, 2007; 2008).

Citing a citation involving a source with multiple editions

When a work has more than one edition, the reference includes the year of the edition form which the citation has been extracted, and the number of the edition is indicated in ЛИТЕРАТУРА/REFERENCES, e.g., Savov, Ivan (2008, 2^nd edn).

Citing a source with up to three authors

When citing works with up to three authors, the names of all authors are indicated in parentheses, separated by commas, e.g. (Ivanov, Georgiev, Savov, 2008, pp. 18 – 32).

Citing a source with more than three authors

When citing a work with more than three authors in the text, “et al.” is used in parentheses after the surname of the first author, e.g. (Ivanov et al., 2022, pp. 14–24).

Indirect citations

When citing a work that is indirectly cited via another source, the following model should be used: (Smith, 1995 cited in Ivanov, 2005, p. 29), (Smith, 2000, p. 32 cited in Ivanov, 2005, p. 108).

Citating a source without a specific author or whose author is an organization

When citing works that do not have an author or the author is an organization, the title of the work or the name of the institution is placed in parentheses, followed by the year of publication. It is possible to use abbreviations that have to be expanded in ЛИТЕРАТУРА /REFERENCES.

(Oxford English Dictionary, 2021) or (OED online, 2021)

Citating a publication in a periodical without a specified author

When citing an article without an author published in a periodical, the title is placed in quotation marks, followed by the name of the periodical in italics and the date of publication of the article in parentheses, e.g. “Evtim Miloshev makes an analysis and a model of how to finance Bulgarian cinema” (24 chasa, 16.03.2024)

Citing a source without page numbers

If the cited source does not have page numbers, then a paragraph number from the beginning of the source or a paragraph number within a chapter, heading, or its abbreviated version in quotation marks may be used.

(Petrov, 2020, Chapter 1, Section 2, paragraph 5)

(Smith, 1987, under “Introduction”)

Citing a source without a publication date

When it is not possible to identify the publication date of the cited source, “no date” is indicated, e.g. (Petrov, no date), (Petrov, no date, p. 23) 

Changes in the cited text

 The omission of part of the quoted text is indicated by square brackets […].

 When a change in the quotation is necessary for its inclusion in the author's text, square brackets are used, e.g.:

 Михаил Виденов отбелязва, че „[С]специализацията на книжовния език в обслужването на научните, просветните и културните сфери задължително води до интелектуализация [...]“ (Videnov, 2003, p. 43).

 Any graphic changes in a quoted text are expressly identified by the author, e.g.

According to Iv. Haralampiev, the emergence of "the opposition softness:hardness is a process that has not covered (my emphasis - I. I.) all Bulgarian dialects - the situation in the eastern and western dialects is different"

If a monograph, a collected volume, chapter/part of a monograph or collection, dictionary, article, review, etc. has a DOI, it must be necessarily indicated at the end of the respective reference.

 

Sample for formatting the ЛИТЕРАТУРА/REFERENCES

A book/monograph

One author

НИЦОЛОВА, Р., 2008. Българска граматика. Морфология. София: Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“.

Two or three authors

ИВАНОВА-МИРЧЕВА, Д., ХАРАЛАМПИЕВ, И., 1999. История на българския език. Велико Търново: Faber.

RADDEN, G., DIRVEN, R., 2007. Cognitive English Grammar. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamin Publishing House. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/clip.2.

BRUCE, S., 2018. Sociology: a very short introduction. 2. ed. Available at: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Sociology-Very-Short-Introduction-Introductions-ebook/dp/B07DP6M3XM/ref=sr_1_1  [Accessed 30 April 2024].

More than three authors

АСЕНОВА, М. и др., 2021. Между културата и туризма: туристическите атракции, основани на културното наследство. София: Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“. Available at: https://kinnpor.uni-sofia.bg/resources/mezhdu-kulturata-turizma  [Accessed 30 April 2021].

Edited book or collective volume 

ЕРОЛОВА, Й., КРЪСТЕВ, П., ПОПЧЕВА, Ю. (състав.), 2021. Съвременни теренни изследвания на културноисторическото наследство.  София: Парадигма.

Unauthored books

Oxford English Dictionary, 2021. 2. rev. ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

OED online, 2021. Available at: http://www.oed.com [Accessed 25 January 2022].

Authored or edited Dictionaries and Reference grammars (including a larger team) 

ИЛИЕВА, К. и др., 1999. Словообразувателен речник на съвременния български книжовен език. София: Академично издателство „Проф. Марин Дринов“.

ГЕОРГИЕВ, В. и др. (състав.), 1971. Български етимологичен речник. Т. 1. София: Издателство на Българската академия на науките.

АНДРЕЙЧИН, Л. и др., 1983. Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език. Т. ІІ. Морфология. София: Издателство на Българската академия на науките.

A translated book

ТОЛСТОЙ, Л., 2020. Анна Каренина. 2. изд. Превод от руски Здравка Петрова. Пловдив: Издателска къща „Хермес“.

ДОСТОЕВСКИ, Ф., 2005. Престъпление и наказание. Превод от руски Георги Константинов. Available at: https://chitanka.info/book/1445-prestyplenie-i-nakazanie [Accessed 17 August 2022].

HOMER, 1997. The Odyssey. Translated by R. Fagles. Introduction and notes by B. Knox. New York: Penguin.

Chapter/part of an edited book or a chapter in an edited collective volume 

BOWERMAN, M., 1983. Reorganization processes in lexical and syntactic development. In: WANNER, E., GLEITMAN, L. (eds.). Language acquisition: The state of art. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 319 – 346.

EVANS, V., BERGEN, B., ZINKEN, J., 2007. The Cognitive Linguistics Enterprise: An Overview. In: EVANS, V., BERGEN, B., ZINKEN, J. (eds). The cognitive linguistics reader. (Advances in cognitive linguistics). London: Equinox Publishing Ltd, pp. 2 – 36. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265270231 [Accessed 05 March 2025].

An electronic book

АСЕНОВА, М. и др., 2021. Между културата и туризма: туристическите атракции, основани на културното наследство. София: Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“. Available at: https://kinnpor.uni-sofia.bg/resources/mezhdu-kulturata-turizma. [Accessed 17 August 2021].

АСЕНОВА, М. и др., 2021. Между културата и туризма: туристическите атракции, основани на културното наследство. София: Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“. Available at: https://kinnpor.uni-sofia.bg/resources/mezhdu-kulturata-turizma. [Accessed 17 August 2021].

An article in a periodical (magazines or newspapers)

СТОЕВСКИ, А., 2006. За някои прояви на англоезичното влияние в домашната среда на софиянци. Съпоставително езикознание/Contrastive Linguistics, 31(1), с. 62–74.

NICHOLAS, E., LEVINSON, S., 2009. The myth of language universals: Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(5), рр. 429–492. doi:10.1017/S0140525X0999094X. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/myth-of-language-universals-language-diversity-and-its-importance-for-cognitive-science/25D362A6566FCA4F51054D1C41104654 [Accessed 20 January 2021].

Citing a review

HUTTAR, G. [review]. 2011. How words mean: Lexical concepts, cognitive models, and meaning construction. By Vyvyan Evans. SIL Electronic Book Reviews 2011-007. Available at: https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/74 [Accessed 29 January 2023].

Dissertation

ПЕТРОВА-ЛЮБЕНОВА, В., 2023. Полуавтоматично разработване на многоезикови терминологични ресурси. Дисертация за присъждане на ОНС „доктор“. Българска академия на науките. Институт за български език „Проф. Любомир Андрейчин“. Available at: https://ras.nacid.bg/api/reg  [Accessed 05 March 2025].