Research Announcements “Heritage BG” is e research serial, published by the “Heritage BG” Centre of Excellence, whose leading institution is Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. It is published twice a year and distributed to all partner institutions of the Centre. It is published as an open-access journal (ISSN 2815-3316) and as a print journal (ISSN 2815-3138).
Център за върхови постижения "Наследство БГ"
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The Palace and Botanical Garden in Balchik – a possible nomination for cultural landscape of the UNESCO list
The research is a proposal for the UNESCO list of the Palace and Botanical Garden of Balchik as a cultural landscape. It is structured following the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. The research could serve as a proposal for a cultural landscape for Bulgaria, as the country does not have a single one of this type on the World Heritage List.
How was dissonant cultural heritage revealed
The shift in the social and political paradigm after 1989 inevitably brought a profound transformation in the sphere of cultural heritage and in understanding of what constitutes cultural heritage. The dissonance of views and interpretations surrounding certain heritage emerges immediately after its "discovery." Here we draw a terminological analogy with inheritance in law: just as the legacy is opened with the death of the testator, so too the heritage of socialism was "opened" with the end of the period. It is newly discovered heritage, not part of the established cultural assets or "antiquities." This is the mystery of heritage – it comes into being through the disappearance of a historical era. The approach to the topic is legal-anthropological. The methods employed include case analysis and observation, focusing on a specific category of heritage – dissonant cultural heritage. The study examines the emergence and consolidation of the concept of dissonant cultural heritage. Methodologically, the research is structured around several levels of observation: discourse (laws, judicial and administrative acts, etc.); practices and value systems (activism, dissent, protests). These layered observations, based on selected cases, complement each other and reveal the current configuration of dissonant heritage.
Massage techniques – traditions and innovations in their application in Bulgaria historical overview
Massage is one of the oldest manual methods used for recovery and prevention. It helps overcome stress and fatigue, improves sleep, boosts vitality, and reduces the risk of socially significant diseases. When applied in a specific sequence, massage techniques affect both locally and reflexively the underlying organs and systems. Numerous Bulgarian and international studies confirm the positive impact of this method. In Bulgaria, massage holds a leading position in recreational and therapeutic procedures at specialized Wellness & SPA centers and massage studios, which are gaining increasing popularity.
Harmonious development of psychological, physical, and emotional wellness in students practicing judo
This study explores the role of judo as a tool for developing the psycho-emotional and physical qualities of children in primary school age (8–12 years). The research applies a systematic and pedagogical approach through a specially designed test battery for evaluating motor and psychological parameters. The data reveal clear advantages in children practicing judo – in terms of motor skills, physical endurance, as well as discipline, motivation, and social behavior. Judo is established not only as a physical activity but also as an educational tool for character building and value formation. The results emphasize the importance of promoting sports activities from an early age and creating a supportive environment for the popularization of judo among parents and institutions.
Monitoring of school wellness based on the effect of volleyball methodology
Objective: The study aims to establish the effect of the innovative volleyball methodology and its influence on the motor development level of volleyball players actively practicing this approach. Methods: The research aims to establish the reasons for the change in the biomechanical motor indicators as a result of the applied volleyball methodology, based on benchmarking the biomechanical parameters to determine the effect of the volleyball methodology on the degree of development of the motor qualities. The study contingent consisted of 26 7th-grade girls aged 13-14, practicing volleyball at a metropolitan school. The present study was conducted during the 2023-24 school year. Results: The subject of research is the dynamics of biometric indicators in one school year. Discussion: Motor activity measurements were performed at the beginning of the study, before the implementation of the innovative volleyball methodology, and at the end after the implementation. Conclusion: The influence of active sports on the motor development of volleyball players has undoubtedly been established. Analyzing the research from the conducted diagnostics, during the study a comparative analysis of the biomechanical motor indicators in two cognitive stages of the studied period was carried out to establish the effect of the applied volleyball methodology.
Effective manual practices and wellness industry
Ancient in origin, manual practices remain one of the most preferred and enjoyable procedures today. They are effectively involved in recovery, prevention, and even the treatment of various bodily imbalances. This article focuses on the systematization of heritage in the field of manual practices, as well as the possibilities for their application in various recreational procedures. This creates a foundation for developing educational programs in Wellness culture. An analysis is conducted on wellness innovations and good massage practices presented in the digital platforms of SPA and Wellness centres listed in the National Tourism Register.
Professional organizations of Bulgarian engineers during the interwar period
By 1914, the first stage of the organizational development of Bulgarian technical specialists was completed and the national engineering and architectural association was established. After World War I, socio-economic conditions changed and the technical community faced serious challenges. In search of solutions to these problems, attempts were made to reorganize the existing Association, and other professional associations were created. This article shows the evolution in the attitudes and activities of this professional group during a very dynamic historical period from 1919 to 1939.
Publication of photos of ‘folk costumes’ dating back from 1888–1889 as a bridge to heritage preservation
The text is dedicated to a future electronic publication with photographs of traditional clothing from the Scientific Archives of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. These photographs are part of a big group of documents with information about the ‘folk costumes’ in the Principality of Bulgaria, collected in the period 1888–1889. At the beginning, the author introduces the reader to the entire archival fund and the information in it connected to the particular elements of clothing; the materials from which they are made, the decoration, manner of dressing, etc. Then she presents the 152 photographs that have come down to us and the existing connection between them and the respective verbal descriptions. The third part of the article is dedicated to the future publication. It will include introductory analytical texts, the photographs themselves with a detailed description of the photographed costumes, as well as indexes. The contribution of the publication for preserving traditional clothing as cultural heritage in museums, in craft workshops, and in the studios of artists designing costumes for theater productions, television and film productions is also emphasized.
The article aims to examine how the television series The Revival of the Third Bulgarian State, part of the program The Altars of Bulgaria, constructs the images of Bulgarian National Revival heroes (Paisii of Hilendar, Neofit Rilski, Petar Beron, Georgi Rakovski, Rayna Knyaginya, Zahari Zografski and others) as emblems of national identity. The visual and narrative approach of the program combines pathos-laden metaphors and traditional narratives with attempts at a critical interpretation of the Bulgarian Revival. The analysis shows how these images are presented ambivalently, navigating between established historical clichés and the need for a more contemporary, scholarly reading. Thus, on the one hand, the classical patriotic and educational rhetoric is preserved, while on the other, new relativist and critical interpretations are introduced, enabling a more complex rethinking of the heroic figures and events.
The fourth century is the time of church councils. Convened by bishops from all over the empire, as well as by the emperors themselves, nearly thirty councils were held during this century on the Balkans alone. Mainly the church councils are associated with the discussion and resolution of dogmatic issues and are much less known for their purely legal function, namely the conduct of legal proceedings in which there are accusers, accused and a judge. In the proposed presentation, I will show how the legal process proceeds during a church council, using as an example the procedure against Palladius of Ratsiaria during the council in Aquileia, held in 381. The studies will be based on the minutes of the council, as well as the comments written by Palladius a year later. The purposed study aims to trace the development of the legal procedure within the framework of a church council, to indicate the adopted elements from the Roman judicial system and to seek their place and significance in the process of forming the church organization.
The strigil is an ancient tool used in our lands for cosmetic, hygienic, and medical purposes. It is usually made of metal and features a curved, flat blade, often used with oils to cleanse the skin. This article examines the strigil as a potential prototype for Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM). This therapeutic technique utilizes specialized tools to detect and treat soft tissue dysfunctions, including scar tissue and adhesions. IASTM aims to enhance mobility, alleviate pain, and stimulate the body’s natural tissue repair processes. The medical database PubMed contains 135 studies related to IASTM. This article reviews the available research, which we have organized into the following areas: the efficacy of IASTM (a systematic review), its application in athletes, therapeutic effectiveness, and effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Musculoskeletal Propertie
The aim of this article was to examine the written records of beer consumption in Thrace to identify the variety of beverages produced, which, in addition to being made from different grains – barley, millet, and rye – also had different alcohol content. An attempt was made to trace the individual stages in beer production, accepting the hypothesis of a distinct Thracian brewing technology, different from the well-documented Egyptian one. Based on the assumption of the Eastern model of consuming the beverage with straws, a review was conducted of the ceramic forms that are associated in the relevant literature with the preparation and drinking of beer, which could find parallels with those from Thrace. This preliminary study could be expanded with chemical analyses of vessels in the future to either confirm or refute the hypotheses presented in the text.
It is noteworthy that most of the cited publications on Jaina statuette-altars, where inscriptions are read, lack their modern language translation. There are no in-depth linguistic analyzes of the monuments, as well as paleographic observations. Obviously, the creation of databases of such epigraphic material is forthcoming, and the sea of such examples is huge. Accepting this text with a specific object of research as an opportunity to introduce the Bulgarian scientific community in general to Jainism and some of its philosophical-aesthetic aspects, we allow ourselves to conclude that the statuette-altar described here is, after all, a souvenir. Objects related to the Jaina cult that can be found by devotees and those interested are still quite limited in India against the backdrop of the vast number of objects related to Buddhism and Hinduism. In this particular case, we have a brass copy of an altar statuette with a central image of Parshva, which repeats a dedicatory inscription of a family living in the late 13th century. It was certainly produced by under-trained master casters who did not know the details of traditional Jaina iconography, and this happened in the middle of the 19th century. The statuette functioned in a family environment, where it was periodically subjected to a ‘purification’ ritual with sandalwood paste and water, which resulted in its smoothing in certain less-than-representative areas of the metal. Here we subjected the artifact to metal testing, which led to the conclusion that not only bronze, but also brass copies of similar images are sold in modern museums and on the antiques market. We also found out that the silver content in the highlight of the central character’s eyes is also important in determining its authenticity.
Biocultural heritage – linking biological and cultural diversity
Based on international policies and foreign investigations, attention is directed towards a problem poorly developed in our country – the essence and manifestations of biocultural heritage. A special emphasis is the interpretation of the rural scenery as a biocultural and multifunctional landscape. The author points out that in Bulgaria the relations between natural and cultural heritage are not yet an object of an integrated approach and adequate management of the processes for preserving biocultural resources for future objectives. As a good practice, a case of constructing a heritage based on biocultural achievements in the village of Kurtovo Konare, Plovdiv District, is analyzed. Heritage valorization is examined as a process of mobilizing resources (available and potential) and transforming capitals (after Pierre Bourdieu). The author indicates that the created symbolic capital has significant importance for local development and for the quality of life. References: Petrov, Petrova 2018: Petrov, Petur and Ivanka Petrova (eds.). Agrokulturni transformatsii v usloviyata na evropeizatsiya i globalizatsiya. Sofiya: IK ‘Gutenberg’ Petrov, Ganeva-Raycheva 2021: Petrov, Petur and Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva (eds.). Rasteniya i hora. Priblizheniya kam biokulturnite vrazki. Sofiya: Erove, https://iefem.bas.bg/rastenia-i-hora.html. Agnoletti 2014: Agnoletti, Mauro. Rural Landscape, Nature Conservation and Culture: Some Notes on Research Trends and Management Approaches from a (Southern) European Perspective. – Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 66-73. Agnoletti, Emanueli 2016: Agnoletti, Mauro and Francesca Emanueli (eds.). Biocultural Diversity in Europe. Florence: Springer. Agnoletti, Rotherham 2015: Agnoletti, Mauro and Ian Rotherham. Landscape and Biocultural Diversity. – Biodiversity and Conservation, 24 (13), 3155-3165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-1003-8 . Barthel et al. 2013: Barthel, Stephan, Carole Crumley and Uno Svedin. Biocultural Refugia. Combating the Erosion of Diversity in Landscapes of Food Production. – Ecology and Society, 18 (4): 71 (www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol18/iss4/art71). Barthel et al. 2013a: Barthel, Stephan, Carole Crumley and Uno Svedin. Bio-Cultural Refugia. Safeguarding Diversity of Practices for Food Security and Biodiversity. – Global Environmental Change, 23, 1142-1152. Bourdieu 1994: Bourdieu, Pierre. Reasone pratiques. Sur la theorie de l’aicion. Paris: Édition du Seuil. Bourdieu, Vacquant 1992: Bourdieu, Pierre and Loïc J. D. Vacquant. Réponses. Pour une anthropollogie reflexive. Paris: Édition du Seuil. Bridgewater, Rotherham 2019: Bridgewater, Peter and Ian Rotherham. A Critical Perspective on the Concept of Biocultural Diversity and its Emerging Role in Nature and Heritage Conservation. – People and Nature, vol. 1, Issue 3, 291-304, https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pan3.10040. Crumley et al. 2018: Crumley, Carole L., Tommy Lennartsson and Anna Westin (eds.). Issues and Concepts in Historical Ecology: The Past and Future of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Eriksson 2018: Eriksson, Оve. What is Biological Cultural Heritage and why should We Care about it? An Example from Swedish Rural Landscapes and Forests. – Nature Conservation, 28, 1-32, https://natureconservation.pensoft.net/article/25067/. Lindholm, Ekblom 2019: Lindholm, Karl-Johan and Anneli Ekblom. Framework for Exploring and Managing Biocultural Heritage. – Anthropocene, 25, 2-9. Maffi 2001: Maffi, Luisa. Introduction. In: Maffi, Luisa (ed.). On Biocultural Diversity. Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment. Washington: Smithsonian, 2001, 1–50. Maffi 2005: Maffi, Luisa. Linguistic, Cultural, and Biological Diversity. – Annual Review of Anthropology, 34 (1), 599–617. Maffi, Woodley 2010: Maffi, Luisa and Ellen Woodley. Biocultural Diversity Conservation. A Global Sourcebook. London, Washington: Earthscan. Pieroni, Quave 2014: Pieroni, Andrea and Cassandra L. Quave (eds.). Ethnobotany and Biocultural Diversities in the Balkans: Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Development and Reconciliation. New York: Springer. Rotherham 2015: Rotherham, Ian. Bio-cultural Heritage and Biodiversity: Emerging Paradigms in Conservation and Planning. – Biodiversity and Conservation, 24 (13), 3405-3429. Rozzi 2018: Rozzi, Ricardo. Biocultural Homogenization: A Wicked Problem in the Anthropocene. In: Rozzi et al. (eds.). From Biocultural Homogenization to Biocultural Conservation, 21-48. Международни документи: Конвенция 2003: Конвенция за опазване на нематериалното културно наследство, https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/00009-BG-PDF.pdf UNESCO 2008: Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, https://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/ UNESCO SCBD 2010: UNESCO – CBD Joint Program Between Biological and Cultural Diversity. UNESCO, Paris, http://www.unesco.org/new/en/naturalsciences/special-themes/biodiversity-initiative/biodiversity-culture/unesco-cbd-joint-programme/ UNESCO SCBD 2014: Florence Declaration on the Links Between Biological and Cultural Diversity. UNESCO, Florence, http://www.landscapeunifi.it/images/pdf/UNESCO-CBD_JP_Florence_Declaration.pdf CBD 2018: Voluntary Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts within the Context of Article 8(j) and Related Provisions. – Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Fourteenth meeting Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 17-29 November 2018, https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-13-en.pdf. 3-en.pdf
Cultural ecosystem services provided by natural heritage sites in karst territories of Smolyan region, Bulgaria
The karst territories are characterized by landscape aesthetics, and provide knowledge for the natural systems and their specific ecosystem servises. They are important part of the natural heritage and geodiversity. The aim of this study is to present karst territories as an element of the national natural heritage and as a source of cultural ecosystem services. The results provide a new type of knowledgefor the recreational capacity of the karst territories in Bulgaria, and in particular of the caves in district of Smolyan. References: Beron, Petar, Trifon Daaliev, and Aleksey Zhalov. 2009. Caves and Speleology in Bulgaria. Published by BFU, NPM-BAS and COM Foundation. S. 134-140. Borisova, Bilyana, and Radenka Mitova. 2020. "Development of a Methodology for Assessment of the State and Mapping of the Potential of the Natural Ecosystems with the Meaning of ‘Natural Heritage’ to Provide Recreational Ecosystem Services." In Conceptualization, Flexible Methodology, and Pilot Geospatial Platform for Access of the Bulgarian Natural Heritage to the European Digital Single Market of Knowledge and Information Services. Second Progress Report, 28.02.2020. Çetin, Mehmet, and Hakan Sevik. 2016. "Evaluating the Recreation Potential of Ilgaz Mountain National Park in Turkey." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188:52. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5064-7. Cocklin, Chris, Michael Harte, and John Hay. 1990. "Resource Assessment for Recreation and Tourism: a New Zealand example." Landscape and Urban Planning 19(3): 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(90)90027-Y. Daily, Gretchen. 1999. "Developing a Scientific Basis for Managing Earth’s Life Support Systems." Conservation Ecology 3(2). De Groot, Rudolf, Rob Alkemade, Leon Braat, Lars Hein, and Louise Willemen. 2010. "Challenges in Integrating the Concept of Ecosystem Services and Values in Landscape Planning, Management and Decision Making." Ecological Complexity 7(3): 260-272. Evrev, Petko. 1999. Spatial Planning of Recreation and Tourism. SU ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia. ISBN 954-07-1146-0. S. 38-45. Haines-Young, Roy, and Marion Potschin. 2013. CICES V4.3 - Report Prepared Following Consultation on CICES Version 4. August-December 2012. EEA Framework Contract No EEA/IEA/09/003. Haines-Young, Roy, and Marion Potschin. 2013a. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES): Consultation on Version 4, August-December 2012. EEA Framework Contract No EEA/IEA/09/003. Available at www.cices.eu. Mitova, Radenka. 2020. Concept for Sustainable Development of Tourism on Vitosha. SU ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia. ISBN 978-954-07-5065-1. Nedkov, Stoyan, Mariana Nikolova, Radenka Mitova, Bilyana Borisova, Dessisslava Hristova, Lidiaya Semerdzhieva, Miglena Zhiyanski, and Hristina Prodanova. 2021. "Prioritization of Ecosystem Services Related to the Natural Heritage in Bulgaria." JBGS, Pentsoft, (in print). Nedyalkov, Simeon, and Zhivka Bekyarova. 2000. Recreational Ecology. Varna. Nikolova, Mariana. 2020. "Development of a Methodology for Assessment of the State and Mapping of the Potential of the Natural Ecosystems with the Meaning of ‘Natural Heritage’ to Provide Recreational Ecosystem Services." In Conceptualization, Flexible Methodology, and Pilot Geospatial Platform for Access of the Bulgarian Natural Heritage to the European Digital Single Market of Knowledge and Information Services. Second Progress Report, 28.02.2020. Nikolova, Mariana, Stoyan Nedkov, Stelian Dimitrov, Bilyana Borisova, and Miglena Zhiyanski. 2021. "Conceptualization of Natural Heritage in the Context of the Ecosystem Approach." (in this volume). Popov, Vladimir. 1970. "Karst Spread in Bulgaria and Some of its Peculiarities." Announcements of the Geographical Institute of BAS, ХІІІ, 5-17. Popov, Vladimir. 1976. "Zoning of the Caves in the People’s Republic of Bulgaria." Problems of Geography, Book 2: 14-24. Popova, Nikolina. 1993. Natural Recreational Resources. SU ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia. ISBN 954-07-0181-3. Priskin, Julianna. 2001. "Assessment of Natural Resources for Nature-based Tourism: the Case of the Central Coast Region of Western Australia." Tourism Management 22: 637-648. Reid, Walter, Harold Mooney, Angela Cropper, Doris Capistrano, Stephen Carpenter, Kanchan Chopra, Partha Dasgupta, Thomas Dietz, Anantha Kumar Duraiappah, Rashid Hassan, Roger Kasperson, Rik Leemans, Robert May, Tony McMichael, Prabhu Pingali, Cristián Samper, Robert Scholes, Robert Watson, A.H. Zakri, Zhao Shidong, Neville Ash, Elena Bennett, Pushpam Kumar, Marcus Lee, Ciara Raudsepp-Hearne, Henk Simons, Jillian Thonell, and Monika Zurek. 2005. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC. ISBN 1-59726-040-1. Shkorpil, Hermengild, and Karl Shkorpil. 1900. Krazhsky Phenomena. (Underground Rivers, Caves and Springs). Sinnyovsky, Dimitar. 2011. "Geoconservation and the Geological Heritage of Bulgaria." Journal of the Bulgarian Geological Society 72(1-3): 99-110. Internet resources: Bulgarian history – https://bulgarianhistory.org/dqvolskoto-garlo/ Caves and Precipices in Bulgaria – http://www.hinko.org/bgcaves/viewcaves.php The Cultural Heritage Act (2009) last. ed. State Gazette, issue 19/2009, in force since 26.02.2021 - https://www.lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2135623662 Opoznai.bg – https://opoznai.bg/view/borikovska-peshtera?mobi=false Protected Areas Act, published SG 133/1998, last. ed. State Gazette, issue 66/2013, in force since 26.07.2013 – http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/sin28773.pdf Register and Cadastre of Geological Phenomena – http://mgu.bg/geosites/ Strategy for development of Smolyan district (2014 – 2020) – https://sm.government.bg/upload/files/Strategia_OblSm%202014-2020.pdf Tourist portal for Bulgaria – https://www.bulgariatravel.org/bg/ Water Act, prom. DV. No. 67 of July 27, 1999, last ed. and ext. DV. No. 17 of February 26, 2021, in force since January 28, 2000 - https://www.lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2134673412 Cultural Heritage Act, 2009 adopted Official Journal No.19/13.03.2009, amend. OJ. 17/26. 02. 2021 https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/bulgaria
Three dimensional digital reconstructions in the case study of 19th century house
In this paper I present part of the cultural heritage in the archive 'Architecture' at the Institute of Art studies through the opportunities provided by the software technologies for three-dimensional digital architectural reconstructions. According to criteria I established, I developed a collection of ten architecturally recorded in the 1950s old buildings from the 19th century. I start the three-dimensional reconstructions with a house in the town of Nessebar, situated on the Black Sea coast. The research focus is to discover not only the technical and mathematical parameters of this building, but also philosophical and poetic aspects in the architecture. In some essential points of my analysis, I refer to the thesis of the American architect and researcher Peter Eisenman: firstly to his definition for a canonical building and secondly to his methodology of repetition in the close reading of architecture. The thesis I defend through the reconstruction is that this house is an office building made of wood and stone. Like Eisenman's methodology, I disassemble the original composition of the project into a series of components for rethinking. I look at the elements independently: yard, stairs, cavity, walls, chimney, windows. I find in the house the contrasting ideas of slowness and of acceleration. References: Agacinski 2006: Agacinski, Sylviane. Philosophies et politiques des l’ architecture. Sofia Vazov 1964: Vazov, Ivan. Pod igoto. t. 3. Sachinenia. Sofia. Allen 2008: Allen, Stan. Eisenman’s canon. A counter-memory of the modern. In: Ten Canonical Buildings: 1950-2000. New-York, 9-12. Butcher 2020: Butcher, Matthew. Architectures of Slowness: Actioning Historical Loops and Repetitions. In: Expanding Field of Architectural Discourse and Practice, eds. Matthew Butcher, Megan O’Shea. London, 160-191. Eisenman 2008: Eisenman, Peter. Ten Canonical Buildings: 1950-2000. New York. Eisenman 2006: Eisenman, Peter. The Formal Basis of Modern Architecture. Zürich. Vitale 2016: Vitale, Valeria. Transparent, Multivocal, Crossdisciplinary: the Use of Linked Open Data and a Community – Developed RDF Ontology to Document and Enrich 3D Visualization for Cultural Heritage. In: Digital Classics Outside the Echo-chamber. Teaching, Knowledge Exchange and Public Engagement, eds. Gabriel Bodard, Matteo Romanello, London, 147-168.
Field video recordings from the 1950s in the folk music archive of the institute of art studies
The text announces the beginning of a process of digitizing a 16 mm video tapes collection in the Folk Music Archive of the Institute of Art Studies which has remained inaccessible for over three decades and whose digitization is now possible thanks to the ‘Cultural Heritage in the Archives of the Institute of Art Studies: An Interactive Map of the Arts in Bulgaria’ project. Brief historical data on the collection have been introduced, the first documents of which date from 1954. Based on the first digitized and reviewed tapes, some characteristics of the stored materials have been presented as well as the stages and problems in their restoration and subsequent digital processing. The importance of the collection content for future work in various scientific areas, and more specifically ethnomusicology and ethnochoreology in Bulgaria, has been commented on. References: Botuscharov 1973: Botuscharov, Lyuben. Vaprosi na katalogizatsiyata na balgarskiya muzikalen folklore v arhiva na Instituta za muzikoznanie pri BAS. Sofia, manuscript. Dimov 2016: Dimov, Ventsislav. Raina Katsarova i nay-rannite terenni zvukozapisi na traditsionna muzika ot Balgariya. – Bulgarian Musicology, No 1, 33-67. Djidjev 2009: Djidjev, Todor. Problemi na dokumentiraneto i notiraneto na narodnata muzika dnes. In: Folklor i savremennost. Sbornik statii. Sofia, 24-29. Kumichin 2017: Kumichin, Maria. Nauchnata deynost na Todor Todorov v konteksta na balgarskata muzikalna folkloristika ot vtorata polovina na XX vek. PhD Dissertation, IAS, Music Department, Sofia. Naydenova 2015: Naydenova, Goritsa. Muzikalnofolklornite dialekti na Elena Stoin v zvuk. Sofia. Naydenova 2021а: Naydenova, Goritsa. Ivan Kachulev, muzikalnite instrumenti i zvukovata sreda. Terenni materiali i nauchno delo. Sofia. Naydenova 2021b: Naydenova, Goritsa. Nauchnite arhivi na Instituta za izsledvane na izkustvata: spetsifiki i nyakoi problemi pri vavezhdaneto im v bazi danni. – Bulgarian Musicology, Special Issue, 7-40. Statulov 2021: Statulov, Deyan. Personalnite fondove v arhiv ‘Ekranni izkustva’ v konteksta na obshtestvenite filmovi arhivi v Balgariya: problemi i vazmozhnosti za opazvaneto im. – Bulgarian Musicology, Special Issue, 150-160. Stoin 1981: Stoin, Elena. Muzikalno-folklorni dialekti v Balgariya. Sofia. Todorov 2002: Todorov, Todor. Vasil Stoin. Zhivot i delo. Sofia. Fügedi 2011: Fügedi, János. The Difference Between the Factual and Dancer’s Inner Reresentation of Movement Rhythm. – In: Proceedings of the 27th Conference. Budapest, 59-69. Fügedi 2015: Fügedi, János. Unheard but Visible – Defining Dance and Music Synchrony in Silent Films. – Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, No 60 (1), 171-183. Nettl 1964: Nettl, Bruno. Theory and Method of Ethnomusicology. New York. Archives: SA – BAS 1955: Scientific Archives, BAS, f. 83, op. 1, a.e. 41. SA – BAS 1957: Scientific Archives, BAS, f. 83, op. 1, a.e. 58
The dictionary as history of Bulgarian literature
The appearance of the literary dictionary in Bulgaria was registered between the two world wars, when the concept ofliterary history was already a fact. Literary historyliterary history seeks to cover the whole literary life and process, or to approach conceptually, selectively, taking into account the diversity of ideas, aesthetics and stylistics. In contrast, the dictionary strives for a smaller or larger scale, comprehensiveness of names and phenomena, completeness ofliterary-historical knowledge, although it uses the means of analytical-synthetic exposition. In the history of Bulgarian literary dictionaries, the dictionary either continued the literary-historical narrative by other means, or supplemented and compensated the lack of adequate literary-historical knowledge, or used new possibilities for structuring this knowledge in its special format. References: Mirolyubov 1907: Mirolyubov, V. [D-r K. Krastev]. Vmesto predgovor. In: Mirolyubov, V. Mladi i stari. Kriticheski ocherki varhu dneshnata balgarska literatura. Penev 1910: Penev, Boyan. Posoki i tseli pri prouchvane na novata ni literatura. In: Lit. sb. ‘Misal’, 1-32. Sivriev 1999: Sivriev, Sava. Mitos i tehne. Opit varhu balgarskata literatura ot minaliya vek. Sofiya. Strashimirov 1896: Strashimirov, D. T. [[‘Balgarska literatura’. Ot A. Teodorov]. – Balgarska sbirka, 5, 496-508.] Teodorov-Balan 1896: Teodorov-Balan, Aleksandar. Balgarska literatura. Kratko rakovodstvo za sredni i spetsialni uchilishta. Plovdiv: Izdanie i pechat na Hr. G. Danov.
Multifunctional model for unified description and access to unique documents and special collections of cultural heritage
The article presents the work on two important projects, based on which new knowledge is created related to the disclosure of the content and features of the described primary sources – Slavonic menaia and other manuscripts and rare and valuable books from the Church-Historical and Archival Institute (CHAI) of the Bulgarian Patriarchate, from the Regional Museum of History (RMH) – Lovech and from the Regional Library ‘Prof. Benyu Tsonev’(RL) – Lovech on the one hand, as well as with the proposal for the creation of a multifunctional model on the other hand. The model aims to use the same data on the content and specific features of documents for different purposes and offers specific approaches in building information resources to make them more useful for future research, more widely available, more adaptive in subsequent technological transformations. References: Hristova-Shomova 2018: Hristova-Shomova, Iskra. Dragotin miney: balgarski rakopis ot nachaloto na XII v. zapazen kato palimpsest v Dragotiniya apostol (NBKM 880). Sofiya. Knizhovnoto 2011: Knizhovnoto nasledstvo v balgarskite biblioteki: Rezultati ot prouchvane. Sofiya. [onlinе]. Available from: http://www.lib.bg/kragli_masi/Knizhovno_nasledstvo_doklad.pdf Natsionalna 2013: Natsionalna strategiya i programa za opazvane na knizhovnoto kulturno nasledstvo v bibliotekite i osiguryavane na dostap do nego: Proekt. Sofiya. [onlinе]. Available from: https://www.lib.bg/publish Yovcheva 2014: Yovcheva, Mariya. Starobalgarskiyat sluzheben miney. Sofiya.
The visual communication of the local religiosity as a part of the Bulgarian Cultural Heritage
The creation of visual works dedicated to local religiosity as part of the Bulgarian cultural heritage forms is an interdisciplinary approach to anthropological research, because in addition to the visual presentation of names, facts, dates and events allow the audience to immerse themselves in the modern era. This is successfully applied in the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies in various fields, as well as acquaintance with local religiosity. The main components of the impact are multichannel, mass, speed of distribution and perception. In this way, two vector lines are traced: the first – the visualization of the Bulgarian cultural and historical space and the second – the connection of these concepts with linguodidactic aspects as a model of research. References: Halachev 2009: Halachev, Lubomir. Documentalnoto kino. Stupka po stupka. Sofia. Jordanova 2014: Jordanova, Kremena. Ezhednevieto v selo Slaveino - sreshta na dve identichnosti. In: Vayra smesena. Aspekti na vsekidnevieto v dve rodopski sela, Sofia, 11-36. Kanevski 2018: Kanevski, Konstantin. Tchudotvornoto aqzmo i paraklisite v Momchilovtzi. Smolian. Kaftandjiev 1996: Kaftandjiev, Hristo. Vizualna comunikacia. Sofia. Koleva 2012: Koleva, Irina. Etnopsihologicheski model na obrazovatelno vzaimodeistvie. Sofia. Kotzeva 2014: Kotzeva, Violeta. Praznici, pamet, identichnost. Oshte edin opit varhu tolerantnostta (po primera na selo Slaveino, obshtina Smolayn). In: Vayra smesena. Aspekti na vsekidnevieto v dve rodopski sela, Sofia, 56-72. Spasov 2012: Spasov, Radoslav. Suzdavane na dokumentalni filmi za rusenskite curkvi ‘Sveta Troitsa’ i ‘Sveti Velicomuchenik Georgi’. In: Almanah za istoriyata na Ruse, Vol. XII, 236-244. Spasov 2015: Spasov, Radoslav. Vizualni aspecti na istoriyata. Sofia. Spasov 2018: Spasov, Radoslav. Vizualna comunicacia i moderni metodi za populqrizirane na Sveti Dimitriji Basarbovski i skalnia manastir krai Basarbovo, Rusensko. In: CAMERA DANUBIANA – obrazi ot gradovete v stranite po Dunav. Izvestia na RIM-Ruse, Vol. ХХ, 106-116. Stoeva 2005: Stoeva, Emilia. Viziata v dokumentalnoto kino. Sofia. Tepavitcharov 2014: Tepavitcharov, Veselin. Tolerantnostta i doverieto – kluch kum integraciata na etnicheskite i religioznite obshnosti v Bulgarskoto obshtestvo (primerut na selata Slaveino i Vievo, obshtina Smolqn). In: Vayra smesena. Aspekti na vsekidnevieto v dve rodopski sela, Sofia, 73-87.
Educational video game for Valchan Voivoda
The paper presents a brief scientific study of the capabilities of the APOGEE software platform to facilitate the automated creation of an educational video maze game. It presents the developed within Heritage BG project experimental educational video maze game dedicated to the work and legacy of Bulgarian rebel Valchan Voivoda and their impact on the historical development of Bulgaria in the first half of the 19th century. References: Abt 1987: Abt, Clark C. Serious Games. University Press of America. Bontchev 2015: Bontchev, Boyan. Serious Games for and as Cultural Heritage. In: Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage, V, 43-58. Bontchev, Vassileva, Dankov 2019: Bontchev, Boyan, Vassileva, Dessislava and Yavor Dankov. The APOGEE Software Platform for Construction of Rich Maze Video Games for Education. In: Proceedings of ICSOFT’2019, Ed. by M. van Sinderen and L. Maciaszek, INSTICC, 491-498. Deterding, Khaled, Dixon, Nacke 2011: Deterding, Sebastian, Khaled, Rilla, Dixon, Dan and Lennart Nacke. From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining Gamification. In: MindTrek, 9-15. Gee 2009: Gee, James. Games, Learning and 21st Century Survival Skills. In: Journal for Virtual Worlds Research, 2(1). Gee 2003: Gee, James. What Video Games Have to Teach us About Learning and Literacy. In: Journal of Computer Entertainment, Vol. 1, 20-28. Girard, Écalle, Magnan, 2013: Girard, C., Écalle, Jean and Annie Magnan. Serious Games as New Educational Tools: How Effective are They? A Meta-analysis of Recent Studies. In: Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29, 207-219. Kirriemuir, McFarlane 2004: Kirriemuir, John and Angela McFarlane. Literature Review in Games and Learning, Futurelab Series, Report 8. Michael, Chen 2006: Michael, David and Sande Chen. Serious Games: Games that Educate, Train and Inform. Boston, MA. Thomson Course Technology. Paunova-Hubenova 2019: Paunova-Hubenova, Elena. Didactic Mini Video Games – Students’ and Teachers’ Point of View. In: CBU International Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7, 552-558. Prensky 2002: Prensky Marc. The Motivation of Game Play. The Real Twenty-first Century Learning Revolution. In: On the Horizon, 10(1), 5-11. Ritterfeld, Weber 2006: Ritterfeld, Ute and Rene Weber. Video Games for Entertainment and Education. In: Playing Video Games: Motives, Responses, and Consequences, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. Publ. 24(1), 399-413. Salen, Zimmerman 2004: Salen, Katie and Eric Zimmerman. Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. MIT Press, Cambridge, USA. Terzieva, Paunova-Hubenova, Bontchev 2018: Terzieva, Valentina, Paunova-Hubenova, Elena and Boyan Bontchev. Identifying the User Needs of Educational Video Games in Bulgarian Schools. In: Proceedings of ECGBL’18, 687-695.
Creation of feasible non-player character
Virtual players, also called non-player characters (NPCs), are an integral part of video games. NPCs develop the story of the game and create a critical mass of virtual players making the game more attractive, whether it is educational games or games just for fun. The creation of a virtual player goes through stages that gives plausible human behavior. References: Bontchev et al. 2019: Bontchev, Boyan, Vassileva, Dessislava and Yavor Dankov. The APOGEE Software platform for construction of rich maze video games for education. In: Proc. of ICSOFT’2019, Ed. by M. van Sinderen and L. Maciaszek, INSTICC, 491-498. Michael, Chen 2006: Michael, David and Chen, Sande. Serious Games: Games that Educate, Train and Inform, Boston, MA. Thomson Course Technology. Unity Technologies 2019: Unity Technologies, Navigation and Pathfinding, Unity Documentation, https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/Navigation.html Vishnoi 2020: Vishnoi. Laduram. Conversational Agent: A More Assertive Form of Chatbots, Towards Data Science, https://towardsdatascience.com/conversational-agent-a-more-assertive-form-of-chatbots-de6f1c8da8dd
Mural fragments and inscriptions in Greek from St Anastasia Island and their context
St. Anastasia is the only island with a survived monastery on the contemporary Black seа border of Bulgaria. Art works preserved there and the epigraphic data are an important source for the history of the sea-side abbey, which are not yet properly studied. In this essay are presented some Greek epigraphs that were previously interpreted wrongly in scholarship. Among them is the earliest survived inscription already published by Ivan Karayotov but reading the date as 1772. The new reading of the year in this contribution shows that the Greek text is evidencing for a renewal works in the monastery took place two centuries earlier or in 1574. This is absolutely new element in the history of the monastic church and its frescoes. In this essay for the first time a description of the survived fragments is offered, which does not claim for totality, but could serve for future research. The new reading of the inscription allows to make an assumption that the murals appeared after 1574 when the said renewal happened. And as terminus antequem authors accept Kazak invasions in South Black Sea coast, that affected St Anastasia’ island as well in 1611, 1613 and 1615. In this text an analysis is made and is offered new reading of some later epigraphs from the bema table, the altar screen and the bishops throne of the catholicon. Their adequate reading rejects categorically many of already created legends about the island, which became a popular touristic destination that attracts thousands of visitors lately. The results of this survey are an important argumentation against pseudohistory that was invented last years, which along with the commercial purpose of the island today, i.e. to be a place used for culinary tourism with a hotel accommodation, created a cultural and historical homunculus, which don’t attract educated visitors, but offers instead one false and self-reproductive paraheritage. References: Chilev 1908: Chilev, Petar. Mesemvriyska kondika (codex). – In: Periodichno spisanie, 1908, 9-10, 608-622. Gergova, Moutafov 2004: Gergova, Ivanka., Emanuel, Moutafov. Stenopisite ot tsarkvata ‘Sv. Georgi Mali’ v Nesebar. – Art Studies Quarterly, 1, 2004, 43–55. Gerov 2012: Gerov, Georgi. Nesebarskata hudozhestvena produktsiya ot kraya na XVI – nachaloto na XVII vek. Novi danni. – Art Studies Quarterly, 2, 2012, 20-26. Karayotov 1973: Karayotov, Ivan. Stranitsa ot istoriyata na malkiya ostrov. – Orbita, 9(217), 3.03.1973, 13. Karayotov 2001: Karayotov, Ivan. Neizvestnoto za manastira ‘Sv. Bogoroditsa Farmakolitriya’. – More, 5-6, 2001, 8-12. Karayotov 2002: Karayotov, Ivan. Ostrovniyat manastir ‘Sv. Bogoroditsa Farmakolitriya’. – In: Etnicheski i religiozni vzaimodeystviya. Godishni nauchni cheteniya po humanitaristika – Burgas, 2001. Burgas, 2002, 104-112. Karayotov 2004: Karayotov, Ivan. Ostrov Sveta Anastasiya. Burgas, 2004. Karayotov 2012: Karayotov, Ivan. Ikonostasat v tsarkvata na ostrov Sveta Anastasiya. – Morski vestnik za morska politika, biznes i kultura, 25.04.2012. Mardi-Babikova 1983: Mardi-Babikova, Velda. Stenopisi i ikonostasa v tsarkvata ‘Sv. Bogoroditsa’ na o. Bolshevik. – In: Prouchvaniya i konservatsiya na pametnitsite na kulturata v Balgariya, T. II, 1983, 95-97. Mavrommatis 1960: Mavrommatis, Theodosios. Τὸ μοναστήρι τῆς Ἀγίας Ἀναστασίας τῆς Φαρμακολύτριας τὸ εἰς Εὔξεινον Πόντον. – Ἀρχεῖον τοῦ Θρακικοῦ Λαογραφικοῦ καὶ Γλωσσικοῦ Θησαυροῦ, τόμος 25, 1960, 201-216. Moutafov et al. 2008: Moutafov, Emmanuel, Ivanka Gergova, Alexander Kuyumdzhiev, Elena Popova, Elena Genova, Dimitrios Gonis. Gratski zografi v Bulgaria sled 1453 godina. Sofia, 2008. Popova 1985: Popova, Diana. Kam vaprosa za hudozhestveno atelie ili shkola v Nesebar ot kraya na XVІ i nachaloto na XVІІ v. – Izkustvo, 2, 1985, 34-41. Saselov et al. 1975: Saselov, Dimitar., Velda Mardi-Babikova, Yanko Keremidchiev. Ostrov Bolshevik. Sgradi, arhitektura, stenopisi i darvorezba. Buntat na smelite. (Album), Sofia, 1975. Saselov 1983: Saselov, Dimitar. Ostrov Bolshevik-ostrov muzey. – In: Prouchvania i konservatsia na pametnitsite na kulturata v Bulgaria, Т. 2, С., 1983, 83-94. Trifonova 2021: Trifonova, Aleksandra. Ikona na sv. Anastasiya Farmakolitriya s osem zhitiyni stseni. – Art Studies Quarterly, 1, 2021, 13-24. Vanev 2021: Vanev, Ivan. Tri pisma ot ostrov ‘Sv. Anastasia’ ot lyatoto na 1911 g. – In: Journeys. Art Readings 2020. 2021, Sofia, 329-344.
A Methodology for design and implementation of VR applications in the Cultural Heritage Field
Modern society now accepts as an integral part of their daily lives the Internet connection and the use of various technological devices, from the computer at work, through the phone in our pocket, to the so-called smart devices in our smart home. Virtual reality (VR) technologies have developed rapidly in recent years and are increasingly adopted in many areas. Such areas are the automotive industry (design and simulations), healthcare (training, virtual operations), real estate (interior design and furnishing) and architecture, education and interactive games. Areas that allow interdisciplinary work between VR specialists and teams working in the field of cultural and historical heritage (CH) are tourism in general and the provision of a different way of human interaction with CH sites. The resilience of a VR system depends primarily on the approach to its creation, which should provide ways to manage the addition of new data (and new types of data) and adaptation to new requirements (output) using the latest technologies. What is important is not the implemented technologies, but the management of the integration of these evolutions into a modular ‘system’. Thus, we propose a methodology for their creation in order to clarify the steps that the collaborative specialist should follow, the risks that may appear and some suggestions how to minimize their impact. References: Georgiev 2020: Georgiev, Emil. Vliazoha li bulgarskite muzei v krak s vremeto, Sega, 11 Dec. 2020, https://www.segabg.com/category-observer/vlyazoha-li-bulgarskite-muzei-krak-vremeto Bozzelli, Raia, Ricciardi et al. 2019: Bozzelli, G., Raia, A., Ricciardi, S., De Nino, M., Barile, N., Perrella, M., Tramontano, M., Pagano, A., Palombini, A. An Integrated VR/AR Framework for User-centric Interactive Experience of Cultural Heritage: The ArkaeVision Project. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. 2019 Dec. 1;15:e00124. Fassi et al. 2016: Fassi, F. et al. VR for Cultural Heritage. In: International Conference on Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Computer Graphics. Springer, Cham, 2016. Ings 2021: Ings, Simon. How the Pandemic is Revolutionising Art Galleries and Museums, NewScientist, 3 February 2021, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24933202-100-how-the-pandemic-is-revolutionising-art-galleries-and-museums/ ISO 9241-210:2019: ISO 9241-210:2019 Ergonomics of Human-system Interaction — Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems, Publication date: 2019-07, https://www.iso.org/standard/77520.html Machidon, Duguleana, Carrozzino et al. 2018: Machidon, Octavian, Mihai Duguleana and Marcello Carrozzino, Virtual Humans in Cultural Heritage ICT Applications: A Review, Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 33, 249-260. Poux, Valembois, Mattes et al. 2020: Poux, F., Valembois, Q., Mattes, C., Kobbelt, L., Billen, R. Initial User-Centered Design of a Virtual Reality Heritage System: Applications for Digital Tourism. Remote Sensing. 12(16):2583. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162583 Southall, Marmion, Davies 2019: Southall, Helen, Maeve Marmion and Andrew Davies. Adapting Jake Knapp’s Design Sprint Approach for AR/VR Applications in Digital Heritage. Augmented reality and virtual reality. Springer, Cham, 59-70. Internet sources: Bulgarian Archaeological Institute with Museum: 3D virtualna razhodka na HAIM pri BAN, http://naim.bg/bg/tour/ Military Museum: Virtualen Muzei na Natsionalen Voennoistoricheski Muzei, https://militarymuseum.bg/virtualen-muzei/ National Library: Natsionalna biblioteka ‘Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodij’ – portal ‘Virtualna galeria’, http://nationallibrary.bg/wp/?page_id=10067, https://tourmake.it/bg/tour/5ffa27a34717b6a4897d31818b1e84b4 National Museum of Natural History: Няма текст в квадратни скоби, https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=igvaES2BjBi&f=0 Sofia Library: SERDICA – digitalna platforma na Stolichna biblioteka, https://serdica.libsofia.bg/ Google Street View: Google, What is Street View? https://www.google.com/streetview/ , https://artsandculture.google.com/search/streetview?project=natural-history Louvre: TheLouvre,VirtualTour,PLATFORM: YouVisit, Accessible on Web VR/iOS/Android, http://www.youvisit.com/tour/louvremuseum MatterPort: MatterPort, Official Website, How MatterPort Works, https://matterport.com/how-it-works National Museum of Computing: UK’s National Museum of Computing, PLATFORM: Matterport (any device) https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=Vz8kCqGRjQA OpenXR: Open XR official website, https://www.khronos.org/openxr/ TombofPharaohRamsesVI: TheTombofPharaoh RamsesVI, EgyptianTourism Authorityand Cairo-based studio VRTEEK, https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=NeiMEZa9d93&mls=1 TourMake: TourMake official website, Pricing and functionalities, https://tourmake.net/en/prices YouVisit: YouVisit official website, Help Home Guides Platform, Supported Content, Last Updated: August 15, 2019 https://youvisit.drift.help/article/supported-content/
Ancient thracian cultural and historical heritage
The article aims to define the new problematic situations and the new ‘participants’ in the generation of Thracian cultural and historical heritage, caused by the profound changes in the Bulgarian state and Bulgarian society in the late 20th and early 21st century. It traces the roots of the interest of the Bulgarian society to Antiquity, respectively to the Thracian antiquities, which awoke under the influence of the Renaissance ideas of the European West as early as the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. ‘Cultural-historical heritage’ is a modern cultural construct and interpretive anthropological term, which is becoming today, among other things, a central tool in the analysis of the mechanisms of construction of national identities. References: Aretov 1995: Aretov, Nikolay. Balgarskoto vazrazhdane i Evropa. Sofia: http://slovo.bg/showwork.php3?AuID=38&WorkID=4536&Level=3 (Accessed: 05.06.2017). Balcheva 2021: Balcheva, Antoaneta. Ideologemata za slavyanska vzaimnost v literaturnata traditsia na ilirizma. V: Mirabilia: vremena, prostranstva, mitove. Sofia (pod pechat). Bonev 2007: Bonev, Chavdar. Praslavyanskite plemena. Chast 1. Sofia. Bonev 2008: Bonev, Chavdar. Praslavyanskite plemena. Chast 2. Sofia. Bonev 2009: Bonev, Chavdar. Ch. 3. Praslavyanskata tsarkva i drugi proekti. Osnovni tezi. Sofia. Bonev 2010: Bonev, Chavdar. Praslavyanskite plemena. Chast 2. Sofia. Genchev 1988: Genchev, Stoyan. G. Rakovski i izsledvaneto na balgarskata narodna kultura. V: Rakovski, Georgi. Sachinenia. T. 4, Sofia. Ginchev 1988: Ginchev, Tsani. Ognenite trakiyski lyubovni streli i zhivite poleli i leli (Kupidoni i Veneri). V: Zemya i hora. Sofia. Grigorova 2006: Grigorova, Margreta. „Proglasat“ na Lyudevit Gay i glasovete na „Lirata Iliria“. – Proglas. Izdanie na Filologicheskia fakultet pri Velikotarnovskia universitet „Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiy“, No. 2, 58-82. Dichev 2015: Dichev, Ivaylo. Disnilend „Bulgaria“. – https://www.dw.com/bg/ (Accessed: 16.03.2015). Dichev 2018: Dichev, Ivaylo. Otkade se vze tozi teatralno-patriotichen podem?. – https://www.dw.com/bg/ (Accessed: 20.08.2018). Eliade 1991: Eliade, Mircha. Mitovete na modernia svyat. – Panorama, No 3-4, 6-14. Kalfina 2015: Kalfina, Vyara. „Gradil Dionis kilia… ili Za Brad Pit i Trifon Zarezan“. – Seminar_BG, 12, Kultura za prodan: https://www.seminar-bg.eu/spisanie-seminar-bg/broy12/item/442-gradil_dionis_kiliya.html (Accessed: 06.05.2015). Lazarova 2008: Lazarova, Erika. Nayden Sheytanov: patyat na balgarskoto kulturno misionerstvo. – Literaturen svyat, No 3, noemvri 2008: https://literaturensviat.com/?p=2978 (Accessed: 18.06.2021). Lozanova 2019: Lozanova, Vanya. ‘Living history’: Parformans i identichnosti. – Treta kragla masa „Universitetat sreshta muzeya“: „Zhivite nasledstva i muzeyat (mezhdu eksponirane, animirane, razigravane, sazdavane na vazstanovki i novi kulturni praktiki)“. Sofia (pod pechat). Lozanova 2019a: Lozanova, Vanya. Kam parvomartenskata obrednost: traditsii i (sa-)vremennost. – V: Proletta v praznichnia obreden kalendar: traditsia i modernost. (Problemi na kulturnoto nasledstvo, Tom 3). Sofia, 40-70. Lozanova 2020: Lozanova, Vanya. ‘Living history’ kato parformans: postomoderen pogled kam predmodernoto minalo. V: Nematerialnoto kulturno nasledstvo: samobitnost, priemstvenost, oporochavane. Sbornik s dokladi ot nauchna konferentsia, Sofia, 28 mart 2018 g. Sofia, 253-264. Mazdrashka-Mihova 2015: Mazdrashka-Mihova, Fani. Istoricheskite vazstanovki kato spetsialno sabitie. – Newmedia21.eu. Mediite na XXI vek: Onlayn izdanie za izsledvania, analizi, kritika [online]. – http://www.newmedia21.eu/analizi/istoricheskite-vazstanovki-kato-spetsialno-sabitie/ (Accessed: 13 mart 2015). Metodieva 2019: Metodieva, Marta. Grako-rimskata antichnost v balgarskata knizhnina (kraya na XVIII – parvata polovina na XIX vek). PhD Dissertation, Institute of Balkan Studies with Center of Thracology, BAS, Sofia. Nikolov 2013: Nikolov, Aleksandar. Paraistoriyata kato fenomen na prehoda: „preotkrivaneto“ na drevnite balgari. In: Istoricheskiyat habitus: opredmetenata istoria. Sbornik v chest na 65-godishninata na dots. d-r Rumen Donkov. Sofia, 24-63. Rakovski 1865: Rakovski, Georgi. Balgarska starina. Bukuresht. Rakovski 1880: Rakovski, Georgi. Klyucha balgarskago yazыka. Odesa. Sedakova 2009: Sedakova, Irina. Martenitsa v sovremennoy gorodskoy kulyture Bolgarii. – MARTENITsA. MĂRŢIŞOR. ΜΑΡΤ’Σ.VERORE... In: Materialы kruglogo stola 25 marta 2008 goda. Moskva: Institut slavyanovedenia RAN, Tsentr lingvokulyturnыh issledovaniy ‘Balcanica’, 139-148. Simeonova 2010: Simeonova, Gatya Tsani Ginchev: kam vaprosa za ostoynostyavane na prinosa. – https://liternet.bg/publish26/gatia-simeonova/cani-ginchev.htm (Accessed: 12.09.2010; Accessed: 05.04.2021). Stanchev 2011: Stanchev, Evlogi. Tvorchestvoto na d-r Gancho Tsenov – akademichen natsionalizam ili kvazinauchen avtohtonizam. – http://prehodbg.com/sites/default/files/Evlogi (Accessed: 18.06.2021) Strahilov 2017: Strahilov, Ivo. Trakite otvrashtat na udara: antichno nasledstvo i kultura na uchastieto. – Seminar BG. Onlayn spisanie za kulturni izsledvania. Broy 14. Veselata publichnost: http://www.seminar-bg.eu/spisanie-seminar-bg/broy14/item/470-trakite-otvrashtat-na-udara.html (Accessed: 05.06.2017). Strahilov 2019: Strahilov, Ivo. „Trakiyskiyat“ razkaz v savremenna Bulgaria – stari legitimatsionni refleksi ili tarsene na evropeyska prinadlezhnost (istoricheski obrazi, kulturni stereotipi i ideologicheski konstrukti). PhD Dissertation, Sofiyski universitet "Sv. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia. Troeva 2018: Troeva, Evgenia. Balgarskoto neoezichestvo i trakite. In: Sb. Zhiva starina. Nauchnoto nasledstvo na Dimitar Marinov (1846 – 1940). Sofia, 204-220. Sheytanov 2006: Sheytanov, Nayden. Predosvobiditelno ili tsyalostno Vazrazhdane?. V: Sheytanov, Nayden. Balkano-balgarskiyat titanizam. Sofia, 2006. Shishmanov 1966: Shishmanov, Ivan. Trakiyskata teoria na Tsanya Ginchev. V: Shishmanov, Ivan. Izbrani sachinenia. T. 2, 1966, 256-269. Shishmanov 1966a: Shishmanov, Ivan. Apriloviyat sbornik ot balgarski narodni pesni v arhiva na Rakovski. In: Shishmanov, Ivan. Izbrani sachinenia. T. 2. Sofia, 1966. Shishmanov 1966b: Shishmanov, Ivan. Spomeni za Tsani Ginchev. V: Shishmanov, Ivan. Izbrani sachinenia. T. 2. Sofia, 1966. Sparotok 2009: Sparotok (Serafimov, Pavel). Mitat za poslavianchvaneto na balgarite. In: Istinskata balgarska istoria!: http://sparotok.blog.bg/politika/2009/09/04/mityt-za-poslavianchvaneto-na-bylgarite.391514 (Accessed: 04.09.2009). Sparotok 2009a: Sparotok (Serafimov, Pavel). „Izchezvaneto“ na edin narod: parva chast. 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Mason 1993: Mason, Jeffrey. Melodrama and the Myth of America. Bloomington. Ranger, Hobsbawm 1983: Ranger, Terrene and Hobsbawm, Eric. (Еds.). The Invention of Tradition, Cambridge. Shils 1971: Shils, Edward. Tradition. – Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 13, Issue 2, 122-159. Shils 1981: Shils, Edward. Tradition. Chicago. Willey, Phillips 1958: Willey, Gordon R. and Philip Phillips. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. Chicago.
Conceptualization of natural heritage in the context of the ecosystem approach
The article aims to explore natural heritage as a socio-ecological phenomenon. The definitions and cycle of development of the concept of natural heritage is explained. The process of provision and demand of ecosystem services that benefit socio-environmental systems is presented to illustrate how an element of the natural system becomes natural heritage. As a result of the analysis, the authors propose a definition of ‘natural heritage’ in the context of an ecosystem-based approach. The results would support the sustainable use of natural heritage sites for the development of nature-based tourism. References: Georgiev 2005: Georgiev, Georgi. Kriterii i indikatori za rekreatsionna otsenka na biologichnoto raznoobrazie na zashtitenite teritorii v Balgariya, Problemi na geografiyata, kn. 3-4, BAN, Sofiya, Balgariya, 65-68. Gurkov et al. 2013: Gurkov, Rosen, Galev, Emil, Perchiklijski, Grigor and Ivan Golomehov. Evropeyska Konventsiya za Landshafta. Vavezhdane v Balgariya AGENTSIYA DEYTA-SPP SPP, Sofia, 1-25. EKL 2005: Evropeyskata konventsiya za landshafta. DV br. 22 ot 15 mart 2005. Nikolova et al. 2020: Nikolova, Mariyana, Nedkov, Stoyan and Biliyana Borisova. Prirodno nasledstvo i rekreacionni ekosistemni uslugi, SocioBrains, Issue 66, 1-8. http://sociobrains.com/ Popova 1993: Popova, Nikolina. Prirodni rekreatsionni resursi, Univ. izd. ‘Sv. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia, 1 127. Tomova, Borisova 2018: Tomova, Каtrin and Biliyana Borisova. Biosfernite parkove po programata ‘Chovekat i biosferata’ na YUNESKO kato instrument za regionalno razvitie i osaznavane na palniya nabor ot ekosistemni uslugi (na primera na Tsentralen Balkan). Godishnik na SU ‘Sv. Kliment Ohridski’, kn. 2, tom 110. 123-144. Toncheva 2014: Toncheva, Тоdorka. Vliyanie na bioraznoobrazieto varhu razvitieto na turizma, Avangard Prima, Sofia, 1-98. Vasileva 2018: Vasileva, Vanya. Prirodni turisticheski resursi na Balgariya, Shumen. De Groot et al. 2002: de Groot, Rudolf, Matthew Wilson and Boumans Roelof. A Typology for the Classification, Description and Valuation of Ecosystem Functions, Goods and Services. Ecological Economics 41 (3), 393-408. Haines-Young, Potschin 2013: Haines-Young, Roy and Marion Potschin. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) V 4.3: Consultation on Version 4, August-December 2012. EEA Framework Contract No EEA/IEA/09/003, Available from https://biodiversity.europa.eu/maes/common-international-classification-of-ecosystem-services-cices-classification-version-4.3. Haines-Young, Potschin 2017: Haines-Young, Roy and Marion Potschin. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) V5.1 and Guidance on the Application of the Revised Structure. Available from www.cices.eu. Havinga, Bogaart, Hein, Tuia 2020: Havinga Ilan, Patrick Bogaart, Lars Hein and Devis Tuia. Defining and Spatially Modelling Cultural Ecosystem Services Using Crowdsourced Data, Ecosystem Services, Volume 43, June 2020, 101-091. Georgiev 2006: Georgiev, Georgi. Nyakoi problemi na rekreatsionnoto usvoyavane na zashtitenite teritorii v Balgariya http://oldweb.ltu.bg/jmsd/files/articles/14/14-29 _G_Georgiev.pdf Gordon 2018: Gordon, John. Geoheritage, Geotourism and the Cultural Landscape: Enhancing the Visitor Experience and Promoting Geoconservation, Geosciences, 8 (4), 136 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences 8040136 Ihtimanski et al. 2020: Ihtimanski Ivo, Stoyan Nedkov and Lidiya Semerdzhieva. Mapping the Natural Heritage as a Source of Recreation Services at National Scale in Bulgaria, One Ecosystem 5, https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e54621 Nedkov et al. 2021: Nedkov, Stoyan, Mariana Nikolova, Radenka Mitova, Bilyana Borisova, Dessisslava Hristova, Lidiya Semerdzhieva, Miglena Zhiyanski and Hristina Prodanova. Prioritization of Ecosystem Services Related to the Natural Heritage in Bulgaria, JBGS, Pentsoft, (in print). Nikolova et al. 2021: Nikolova Mariana, Stoyan Nedkov, Bilyana Borisova, Velimira Stoyanova and Radenka Mitova. Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Natural Heritage Sites in Karst Territories of Smolyan Region, Bulgaria (in this volume). Osipova et. al. 2014: Osipova, E., Wilson, L., Ralph Blaney, Yachuan Shi, Max Fancourt, Strubel, M., Salvaterra, T., Brown, C. and B. Verschuuren, The Benefits of Natural World Heritage: Identifying and Assessing Ecosystem Services and Benefits Provided by the World’s Most Iconic Natural Places. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. vi + 58. Selicato 2016: Selicato, Francesco. The Concept of Heritage. In: Rotondo F., Selicato F., Marin V., Lopez Galdeano J. (eds.) Cultural Territorial Systems. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20753-7_2 Sinnyovsky 2011: Sinnyovsky, Dimitar. Geoconservation and the Geological Heritage of Bulgaria. Journal of the Bulgarian Geological Society, year 72, vol. 1–3, 99-110. Thurney 2005: Thurney, Simon. Into the Future. Our Strategy for 2005-2010. In: Conservation Bulletin English Heritage (49), 25 – 26. Retrieved from https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/conservation-bulletin-49/cb-49/ Tengberg et al. 2012: Tengberg, Anna, Fredholm, Susanne, Eliasson, Ingegard, Knez, Igor, Saltzman, Katarina and Ola Wetterberg. Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Landscapes: Assessment of Heritage Values and Identity, Ecosystem Services, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.006. Sites: CEU 2019: Central European University. The Concept and History of Cultural Heritage. Avilable at: https://medievalstudies.ceu.edu/concept-and-history-cultural-heritage Cultural Heritage Act, 2009 adopted Official Journal No.19/13.03.2009, amend. OJ. 17/26. 02. 2021 https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/bulgaria_culturalheritageact_2009_entof.pdf World Heritage Convention, 1972. UNESCO World Heritage website: http://whc.unesco.org/
The multidimensional content of wellness culture
The study purpose is to detect the citizens’ culture forforest medicine and therapies related to the effect of a healthy lifestyle. Consumers’ opinions on innovative services were exploring: forest air and oxygen bath, forest art, forest menu, forest hammam and forest elephant eyes. The activities and publications of the Bulgarian Centre for Excellence ‘Heritage BG’ disseminate a multidimensional wellness culture. We present an analysis of applied psychometric experiment studying the importance, self-perception and satisfaction in communicating with forests and preserving them as natural heritage. References: Chipeva, Maya. Avangard Prima: Kango dzhémps Aerobika. Sofia, 2019. Dimitrova, Bistra, et al. Sotsialna znachimost na uelnes (wellness) kulturata: sravnitelen analiz po danni ot nauchni izsledvania na Galap interneshanal. Sofia, 2018. Dimitrova, Bistra, et al. Smart kognitiven instrumentarium. Vanshna otsenka na profesionalni kompetentsii za kadri v Nishov turizŭm. NSA Press. Sofia, 2021. Tomova, Tatiana. Menstrualni raztroĭ stva – razpostranenie i proyava. International Scientific journal Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 3, no. 2, 2021, pp. 33-38. Veselinov, Dimitar. Dialogat v obrazovanieto: Deseti mezhdunaroden esenen nauchno-obrazovatelen forum. Sofiya, 2021, pp. 11-16. Yosifov, Rumen. MMS: NSA ‘Vasil Levski’ Uchebna programa po sportna podgotovka za sportnite uchilishta – V–XII klas (Mart 2016 g. – Avgust 2016 g). 2019. Chalakov, Milen. "Optimizing the Control of Technical Performance of Forehand Stroke Among 12-year Old Tennis Players Using Martin’s Sigma method." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 18, suppl. 1, 2020, pp. 682-688. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Quality assessment about standards for wellness services and certified skills of specialized staff." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019, pp. 143-149. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Relationships between education and innovations in the recreational Industry in Bulgaria." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 18, no. 2, 2020, pp. 143-149. Donev, Jordan, et al. "Comparative Study of Measuring Physical Activity Among Sport Students." International scientific congress ‘Applied sports sciences. Balkan scientific congress of physical education, sports and health’, 15-16 Nov. 2019, Sofia, Bulgaria. Ellis, Sussie. The global wellness tourism economy Report. GlobalWellnessTourism Congress, Global wellness institute, 2013, pp. 9-10. Global Wellness Institute. "Economic Report." 2014, pp. 27-28, www.globalwellnessinstitute.org. Accessed 3 Dec 2014. Harizanova, Olya. "New scientific infrastructure for innovations on the creative and recreative industries." Smart innovations in the Recreative & Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism Journal, no. 1, 2019, pp. 17-21. Ignatova, Darinka, and Alexandar Iliev. "MotorQualitiesandTheirInfluenceonChildren’sDevelopment." International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreation, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, no. 2, 2020, pp. 16-44. Ivanova, Vessela. "Influence of Gymnastic Exercises in the Water Environment." International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, no. 1, 2019, pp. 53-56. Konchev, Mihail. "Big Data, Neural Network and Predictive Analytics: Application in the Field of Sport." International scientific congress ‘Applied Sports Sciences’ and Balkan scientific congress ‘Physical Education, Sports, Health’, 2019, Sofia, Bulgaria, pp. 393-397. Nesheva, Irina. "Study of results between initial and final specific tests In women with normal pregnancy." Trakia Journal of Sciences, no. 17, suppl. 2, 2019, pp. 135-142. Nesheva, Irina. "Information systemforinclusion ofwomen withnormalpregnancy in gymnastics program." Smart Innovations on the Recreative & Wellness Industries and Niche tourism, no. 2, 2020, pp. 33-39. Polimenov, Mincho. "Transfer of Innovation in the Service Technology for Increasing the Restaurant Quality Product." International Scientific journal Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 1, no. 2, 2019, pp. 29-35. Trendafilov, Dimitar, and Bistra Dimitrova. "Aqua spinning as anti-stress health prevention." Sport Mont, vol. 11, no. 37-38-39, 2013, pp. 467-473.
Evaluation of the diet of crossfit participants in a Crossfit affiliate box in Sofia, Bulgaria
The mix of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats properly can maintain good energy level and fast removal of metabolic products. We present the evaluation of the men and women participants diet in a CrossFit affiliate box in Bulgaria. We compare it with the recommendations for high-intensity training. The data were obtained from a questionnaire for nutrition. Energy intake and carbohydrate consumption values were lower than recommended for exercises with high-intensity. The lower carbohydrate intake negatively influences the energy intake but has with no significant risk for the efficient energy provision of the long-term recovery processes. References: Zaykova, Dilyana. Hranitelen rezhim pri sastezateli po borba klasicheski stil ot natsionalno i mezhdunarodno nivo. Predizvikatelstva i perspektivi pred sportnata nauka, 2017, pp. 73-82. Zaykova, Dilyana, i Lyubomir Petrov. "Otsenka na hraneneto pri sportovete kulturizam, vdigane na tezhesti i silov triboy." Predizvikatelstva i perspektivi pred sportnata nauka, Spetsifika na podgotovkata v razlichni sportni distsiplini, 2017, pp. 58-64. Aerenhouts, Dirk, et al. "Energy and Macronutrient Intake in Adolescent Sprint Athletes: A Follow-up Study." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 29, no. 1, 2011, pp. 73-82. American College of Sports Medicine and Academy of Nutrition and Dietics, Dietitians of Canada. ACSM, 2016. Burke, Louise, et al. "Carbohydrates for Training and Competition." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 9, 2011, pp. 17-27. Escobar, Kurt, et al. "The Effect of a Moderately Low and High Carbohydrate Intake on Crossfit Performance." International Journal of Exercise Science, vol. 9, no. 3, 2016, pp. 460-470. Glassman, Greg. "Meal Plans." CrossFit Journal, vol. 21, 2004, pp. 1-10. Glassman, Greg. "The CrossFit Training Guide." CrossFit Journal, 2010, pp. 1-115. Gleeson, Michael, et al. "Exercise, Nutrition and Immune Function." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 22, 2004, pp. 115-125. Harris, J., and Francis Benedict. A Biometric Study of Basal Metabolism in Man. Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1919. Jäger, Ralf, et al. "International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein and Exercise." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 14, 2017, pp. 20. Kerksick, Chad, et al. "ISSN Exercise and Sports Nutrition Review Update: Research and Recommendations." Journal of International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 15, 2018, pp. 38. Koehler, Karsten, et al. "Low Energy Availability in Exercising Men is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Insulin but not with Changes in Other Metabolic Hormones." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 34, 2016, pp. 1921-1929. Kreider, Richard, et al. "ISSN Exercise & Sport Nutrition Review: Research & Recommendations." Journal of International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 2, no. 7, 2010, pp. 7. Loveless, Meredith. "Female Athlete Triad." Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 29, 2017, pp. 301-305. McArdle, William, et al. Exercise Physiology, Nutrition, Energy and Human Performance. Seventh edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Miteva, Silvia, et al. "Nutrition and Body Composition of Elite Rhythmic Gymnasts from Bulgaria." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, vol. 15, no. 1, 2020, pp. 108-116. Phillips, Stuart, and Luc Van Loon. "Dietary Protein for Athletes: From Requirements to Optimum Adaptation." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 29, 2011, pp. 29-38. Prentice, A., and S. Jebb. "Beyond Body Mass Index." Obesity Reviews, vol. 2, no. 3, 2001, pp. 141-147. Schaafsma, Gertjan. "The Protein Digestibility-corrected Amino Acid Score." Journal of Nutrition, vol. 130, 2000, pp. 1865-1867. Sousa, Mónica, et al. "Dietary Strategies to Recover from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage." International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, vol. 65, no. 2, 2014, pp. 151-163. Stulnig, Thomas. "The Zone Diet and Metabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of the American College of Nutrition, vol. 34, no. 1, 2015, pp. 39-41. Thomas, Travis, et al. "Nutrition and Athletic Performance." Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, vol. 48, no. 3, 2016, pp. 543-568.
Aquatic environment – effective tool for health prevention and hardening
According to the UN Annual Report on the Happiness Index by Nations, water practices show growth that is higher than the overall growth of all physical leisure activities. Methods: We apply a comparative analysis of applied innovative aqua programs by gender, for people in active age. Results: The immune system health is increased through the hardening effect of the aquatic environment and zone-oriented motor activity, according to gender and age. Aqua programs, backed by scientific evidence of effectiveness, combined with personalised diets, are increasingly desirable and fill the schedule of coaches with 2-3 weeks ahead. Discussion: Aqua practices are an effective tool for health prevention and a successful strategy against panic attacks. Conclusion: Aqua practices are a profitable tool for investing in individual, family and corporate health by raising the level of Well-being. References: Chalakov, Milen. Turnirite po fekhtovka na vsichki orŭzhiya, provedeni v Narodna Republika Bŭlgariya mezhdu 1976-1978 g. Sofiya, 2016, pp. 230-233. Chipeva, Maya. Avangard Prima: Kango dzhemps Aerobika. Sofia, 2019. Dimitrova, Bistra, et al. Smart kognitiven instrumentarium. Vŭnshna otsenka na profesionalni kompetentsii za kadri v Nishov turizŭm. Sofia, 2021, pp. 97-102. Tomova, Tatiana. Menstrualni raztroĭ stva – razpostranenie i proyava. International Scientific journal Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 3, no. 2, 2021, pp. 33-38. Vasileva, Kapka, and Maya Chipeva. Izsledvane i otsenka na dvigatelnata deesposobnost i tekhnicheskite umeniya na studentite v uchebnite chasove po basketbol na tekhnicheskiya universitet Sofiya. International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 2, no. 2, 2019, pp. 22-27. Veselinov, Dimitar. Dialogat v obrazovanieto. Deseti mezhdunaroden esenen nauchno-obrazovatelen forum, Dialogat v obrazovanieto – suvremennost i perspektivi. Sofiya, 2021, pp. 11-16. Chalakov, Milen. "Optimizing the Control of Technical Performance of Forehand Stroke among 12-year Old tennis Players Using Martin’s Sigma Method." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 18, no. 1, 2020, pp. 682-688. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Recreative Industry, Innovations and the Bulgarian Educational Model for Specialised Staff." Proceedings of the International Scientific Congress ‘Applied sports sciences’, Sofia, 2017, pp. 406-410. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Quality Assessment about Standards for Wellness Services and Certified Skills of Specialized Staff." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019, pp. 143-149. Dimitrova, Bistra. New Smart Educational Model ‘Wellness instructor’. Avangard Prima, Sofia, 2019. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Relationships Between Education and Innovations in the Recreational Industry in Bulgaria." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 18, no. 2, 2020, pp. 143-149. Donev, Jordan, et al. "Comparative Study of Measuring Physical Activity Among Sport Students." International scientific congress ‘Applied sports sciences. Balkan scientific congress of physical education, sports and health’, Sofia, 2019, pp. 369-374. Global Wellness Institute. Economic Report. Miami, 2014, pp. 27-28. Ignatova, Darinka, and Alexandar Iliev. "Motor Qualities and Their Influence on Children’s Development." International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreation, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 2, no. 1-2, 2020, pp. 16-44. Ivanova, Vessela. "Influence of Gymnastic Exercises in the Water Environment." International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 1, no. 1, 2019, pp. 53-56. Konchev, Mihail. "Big Data, Neural Network and Predictive Analytics: Application in the Field of Sport." International scientific congress ‘Applied Sports Sciences’ and Balkan scientific congress ‘Physical Education, Sports, Health’, Sofia, 2019, pp. 393-397. Polimenov, Mincho. "Transfer of Innovation in the Service Technology for Increasing the Restaurant Quality Product." International Scientific journal Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 1, no. 2, 2019, pp. 29-35. Trendafilov, Dimitar, and Bistra Dimitrova. "Aqua Spinning as Antistress Health Prevention." Sport Mont, vol. 11, no. 37-39, 2013, pp. 467-473.
Traditions and innovations in the manual impacts in recreation and well-being
In today’s modern world people are getting more and more aware of the power of natural remedies or influences. Our ancestors knew how to use the healing powers of nature and how to apply cure from the nature with simple means. Methods: Traditionally, for generations, these experiences have been passed on and preserved. One of the oldest manual methods of exposure is massage. Results: We studying the effectiveness of the massage skills as manual method or chiropractic for the treatment and prevention of many diseases. Itrestores vital energy and overcomes states of fatigue – the result of stress in modern society, chronic diseases, unhealthy lifestyles and the harmful effects of our environment. The leading symptom of illness and injury is pain. By treating the superficial tissues of the human body, especially the reflex zones, it can affect various organs and tissues, reduce the increased muscle tone arising from pathology and trauma, normalize blood and lymph flow, metabolic processes in tissues and to balance the patient’s psycho-emotional state. Over the past decades, a number of studies have been conducted and the positive effects of massage have been proven. References: Filonov, Sergei. Lechenie na organizma sas sobstveni sili. Sofia, 2015, pp. 228-232. Filipov, Nikolai. Med za zdrave i krasota. Sofia, 1991. Goranova, Zoya, Gergina Markova-Stareishinska, and Leila Kraidjikova. Masaj. NSA, Sofia, 2000. Harnish, Gunther. Lecheben masaj s pchelen med. Aquarius, Sofia, 2001. Kraev, Todor. Lecheben masaj i postizometrichna relaksaciq. Sofia, 2016. Lisovski, Petar. Prochistvane i podmladqvane. Sofia, 2009. Mladenov, Stoimir. Pchelni produkti – hrana i lekarstvo. Sofia, 1989. Topuzov, Ivan. Celulitat – harakteristika i kompleksno lechenie. Sofia, 2000. Avram, Mathew M. "Cellulite: A Review of its Physiology and Treatment." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, vol. 6, no. 4, 2004, pp. 181-185, doi:10.1080/14764170410003057. Pinna, Kathryn. Nutrition and Diet Therapy. Wadsworth, 2007. Rossi, Anthony. "A Modern Approach to the Treatment of Cellulite." Dermatologic Clinics, vol. 32, no. 1, 2014, pp. 51-59. Rossi, Ana Beatris R. "Cellulite: A review." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, vol. 14, no. 4, 2000, pp. 251-262.