Academic Reports - Bulletin "Nasledstvo BG"
The thematic series Bulletin ‘Heritage BG’ – Research Announcements are published two times a year and are available at all Centre of Excellence locations. Member institutions of the Centre and subscribers will receive a copy.
Biocultural heritage – linking biological and cultural diversity
Based on international policies and foreign investigations, attention is directed towards a problem poorly developed in our country – the essence and manifestations of biocultural heritage. A special emphasis is the interpretation of the rural scenery as a biocultural and multifunctional landscape. The author points out that in Bulgaria the relations between natural and cultural heritage are not yet an object of an integrated approach and adequate management of the processes for preserving biocultural resources for future objectives. As a good practice, a case of constructing a heritage based on biocultural achievements in the village of Kurtovo Konare, Plovdiv District, is analyzed. Heritage valorization is examined as a process of mobilizing resources (available and potential) and transforming capitals (after Pierre Bourdieu). The author indicates that the created symbolic capital has significant importance for local development and for the quality of life. References: Petrov, Petrova 2018: Petrov, Petur and Ivanka Petrova (eds.). Agrokulturni transformatsii v usloviyata na evropeizatsiya i globalizatsiya. Sofiya: IK ‘Gutenberg’ Petrov, Ganeva-Raycheva 2021: Petrov, Petur and Valentina Ganeva-Raycheva (eds.). Rasteniya i hora. Priblizheniya kam biokulturnite vrazki. Sofiya: Erove, https://iefem.bas.bg/rastenia-i-hora.html. Agnoletti 2014: Agnoletti, Mauro. Rural Landscape, Nature Conservation and Culture: Some Notes on Research Trends and Management Approaches from a (Southern) European Perspective. – Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 66-73. Agnoletti, Emanueli 2016: Agnoletti, Mauro and Francesca Emanueli (eds.). Biocultural Diversity in Europe. Florence: Springer. Agnoletti, Rotherham 2015: Agnoletti, Mauro and Ian Rotherham. Landscape and Biocultural Diversity. – Biodiversity and Conservation, 24 (13), 3155-3165, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-015-1003-8 . Barthel et al. 2013: Barthel, Stephan, Carole Crumley and Uno Svedin. Biocultural Refugia. Combating the Erosion of Diversity in Landscapes of Food Production. – Ecology and Society, 18 (4): 71 (www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol18/iss4/art71). Barthel et al. 2013a: Barthel, Stephan, Carole Crumley and Uno Svedin. Bio-Cultural Refugia. Safeguarding Diversity of Practices for Food Security and Biodiversity. – Global Environmental Change, 23, 1142-1152. Bourdieu 1994: Bourdieu, Pierre. Reasone pratiques. Sur la theorie de l’aicion. Paris: Édition du Seuil. Bourdieu, Vacquant 1992: Bourdieu, Pierre and Loïc J. D. Vacquant. Réponses. Pour une anthropollogie reflexive. Paris: Édition du Seuil. Bridgewater, Rotherham 2019: Bridgewater, Peter and Ian Rotherham. A Critical Perspective on the Concept of Biocultural Diversity and its Emerging Role in Nature and Heritage Conservation. – People and Nature, vol. 1, Issue 3, 291-304, https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pan3.10040. Crumley et al. 2018: Crumley, Carole L., Tommy Lennartsson and Anna Westin (eds.). Issues and Concepts in Historical Ecology: The Past and Future of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Eriksson 2018: Eriksson, Оve. What is Biological Cultural Heritage and why should We Care about it? An Example from Swedish Rural Landscapes and Forests. – Nature Conservation, 28, 1-32, https://natureconservation.pensoft.net/article/25067/. Lindholm, Ekblom 2019: Lindholm, Karl-Johan and Anneli Ekblom. Framework for Exploring and Managing Biocultural Heritage. – Anthropocene, 25, 2-9. Maffi 2001: Maffi, Luisa. Introduction. In: Maffi, Luisa (ed.). On Biocultural Diversity. Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment. Washington: Smithsonian, 2001, 1–50. Maffi 2005: Maffi, Luisa. Linguistic, Cultural, and Biological Diversity. – Annual Review of Anthropology, 34 (1), 599–617. Maffi, Woodley 2010: Maffi, Luisa and Ellen Woodley. Biocultural Diversity Conservation. A Global Sourcebook. London, Washington: Earthscan. Pieroni, Quave 2014: Pieroni, Andrea and Cassandra L. Quave (eds.). Ethnobotany and Biocultural Diversities in the Balkans: Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Development and Reconciliation. New York: Springer. Rotherham 2015: Rotherham, Ian. Bio-cultural Heritage and Biodiversity: Emerging Paradigms in Conservation and Planning. – Biodiversity and Conservation, 24 (13), 3405-3429. Rozzi 2018: Rozzi, Ricardo. Biocultural Homogenization: A Wicked Problem in the Anthropocene. In: Rozzi et al. (eds.). From Biocultural Homogenization to Biocultural Conservation, 21-48. Международни документи: Конвенция 2003: Конвенция за опазване на нематериалното културно наследство, https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/00009-BG-PDF.pdf UNESCO 2008: Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, https://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/ UNESCO SCBD 2010: UNESCO – CBD Joint Program Between Biological and Cultural Diversity. UNESCO, Paris, http://www.unesco.org/new/en/naturalsciences/special-themes/biodiversity-initiative/biodiversity-culture/unesco-cbd-joint-programme/ UNESCO SCBD 2014: Florence Declaration on the Links Between Biological and Cultural Diversity. UNESCO, Florence, http://www.landscapeunifi.it/images/pdf/UNESCO-CBD_JP_Florence_Declaration.pdf CBD 2018: Voluntary Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts within the Context of Article 8(j) and Related Provisions. – Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Fourteenth meeting Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 17-29 November 2018, https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-14/cop-14-dec-13-en.pdf. 3-en.pdf
Cultural ecosystem services provided by natural heritage sites in karst territories of Smolyan region, Bulgaria
The karst territories are characterized by landscape aesthetics, and provide knowledge for the natural systems and their specific ecosystem servises. They are important part of the natural heritage and geodiversity. The aim of this study is to present karst territories as an element of the national natural heritage and as a source of cultural ecosystem services. The results provide a new type of knowledgefor the recreational capacity of the karst territories in Bulgaria, and in particular of the caves in district of Smolyan. References: Beron, Petar, Trifon Daaliev, and Aleksey Zhalov. 2009. Caves and Speleology in Bulgaria. Published by BFU, NPM-BAS and COM Foundation. S. 134-140. Borisova, Bilyana, and Radenka Mitova. 2020. "Development of a Methodology for Assessment of the State and Mapping of the Potential of the Natural Ecosystems with the Meaning of ‘Natural Heritage’ to Provide Recreational Ecosystem Services." In Conceptualization, Flexible Methodology, and Pilot Geospatial Platform for Access of the Bulgarian Natural Heritage to the European Digital Single Market of Knowledge and Information Services. Second Progress Report, 28.02.2020. Çetin, Mehmet, and Hakan Sevik. 2016. "Evaluating the Recreation Potential of Ilgaz Mountain National Park in Turkey." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 188:52. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-5064-7. Cocklin, Chris, Michael Harte, and John Hay. 1990. "Resource Assessment for Recreation and Tourism: a New Zealand example." Landscape and Urban Planning 19(3): 291-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(90)90027-Y. Daily, Gretchen. 1999. "Developing a Scientific Basis for Managing Earth’s Life Support Systems." Conservation Ecology 3(2). De Groot, Rudolf, Rob Alkemade, Leon Braat, Lars Hein, and Louise Willemen. 2010. "Challenges in Integrating the Concept of Ecosystem Services and Values in Landscape Planning, Management and Decision Making." Ecological Complexity 7(3): 260-272. Evrev, Petko. 1999. Spatial Planning of Recreation and Tourism. SU ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia. ISBN 954-07-1146-0. S. 38-45. Haines-Young, Roy, and Marion Potschin. 2013. CICES V4.3 - Report Prepared Following Consultation on CICES Version 4. August-December 2012. EEA Framework Contract No EEA/IEA/09/003. Haines-Young, Roy, and Marion Potschin. 2013a. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES): Consultation on Version 4, August-December 2012. EEA Framework Contract No EEA/IEA/09/003. Available at www.cices.eu. Mitova, Radenka. 2020. Concept for Sustainable Development of Tourism on Vitosha. SU ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia. ISBN 978-954-07-5065-1. Nedkov, Stoyan, Mariana Nikolova, Radenka Mitova, Bilyana Borisova, Dessisslava Hristova, Lidiaya Semerdzhieva, Miglena Zhiyanski, and Hristina Prodanova. 2021. "Prioritization of Ecosystem Services Related to the Natural Heritage in Bulgaria." JBGS, Pentsoft, (in print). Nedyalkov, Simeon, and Zhivka Bekyarova. 2000. Recreational Ecology. Varna. Nikolova, Mariana. 2020. "Development of a Methodology for Assessment of the State and Mapping of the Potential of the Natural Ecosystems with the Meaning of ‘Natural Heritage’ to Provide Recreational Ecosystem Services." In Conceptualization, Flexible Methodology, and Pilot Geospatial Platform for Access of the Bulgarian Natural Heritage to the European Digital Single Market of Knowledge and Information Services. Second Progress Report, 28.02.2020. Nikolova, Mariana, Stoyan Nedkov, Stelian Dimitrov, Bilyana Borisova, and Miglena Zhiyanski. 2021. "Conceptualization of Natural Heritage in the Context of the Ecosystem Approach." (in this volume). Popov, Vladimir. 1970. "Karst Spread in Bulgaria and Some of its Peculiarities." Announcements of the Geographical Institute of BAS, ХІІІ, 5-17. Popov, Vladimir. 1976. "Zoning of the Caves in the People’s Republic of Bulgaria." Problems of Geography, Book 2: 14-24. Popova, Nikolina. 1993. Natural Recreational Resources. SU ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia. ISBN 954-07-0181-3. Priskin, Julianna. 2001. "Assessment of Natural Resources for Nature-based Tourism: the Case of the Central Coast Region of Western Australia." Tourism Management 22: 637-648. Reid, Walter, Harold Mooney, Angela Cropper, Doris Capistrano, Stephen Carpenter, Kanchan Chopra, Partha Dasgupta, Thomas Dietz, Anantha Kumar Duraiappah, Rashid Hassan, Roger Kasperson, Rik Leemans, Robert May, Tony McMichael, Prabhu Pingali, Cristián Samper, Robert Scholes, Robert Watson, A.H. Zakri, Zhao Shidong, Neville Ash, Elena Bennett, Pushpam Kumar, Marcus Lee, Ciara Raudsepp-Hearne, Henk Simons, Jillian Thonell, and Monika Zurek. 2005. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC. ISBN 1-59726-040-1. Shkorpil, Hermengild, and Karl Shkorpil. 1900. Krazhsky Phenomena. (Underground Rivers, Caves and Springs). Sinnyovsky, Dimitar. 2011. "Geoconservation and the Geological Heritage of Bulgaria." Journal of the Bulgarian Geological Society 72(1-3): 99-110. Internet resources: Bulgarian history – https://bulgarianhistory.org/dqvolskoto-garlo/ Caves and Precipices in Bulgaria – http://www.hinko.org/bgcaves/viewcaves.php The Cultural Heritage Act (2009) last. ed. State Gazette, issue 19/2009, in force since 26.02.2021 - https://www.lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2135623662 Opoznai.bg – https://opoznai.bg/view/borikovska-peshtera?mobi=false Protected Areas Act, published SG 133/1998, last. ed. State Gazette, issue 66/2013, in force since 26.07.2013 – http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/sin28773.pdf Register and Cadastre of Geological Phenomena – http://mgu.bg/geosites/ Strategy for development of Smolyan district (2014 – 2020) – https://sm.government.bg/upload/files/Strategia_OblSm%202014-2020.pdf Tourist portal for Bulgaria – https://www.bulgariatravel.org/bg/ Water Act, prom. DV. No. 67 of July 27, 1999, last ed. and ext. DV. No. 17 of February 26, 2021, in force since January 28, 2000 - https://www.lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2134673412 Cultural Heritage Act, 2009 adopted Official Journal No.19/13.03.2009, amend. OJ. 17/26. 02. 2021 https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/bulgaria
Three dimensional digital reconstructions in the case study of 19th century house
In this paper I present part of the cultural heritage in the archive 'Architecture' at the Institute of Art studies through the opportunities provided by the software technologies for three-dimensional digital architectural reconstructions. According to criteria I established, I developed a collection of ten architecturally recorded in the 1950s old buildings from the 19th century. I start the three-dimensional reconstructions with a house in the town of Nessebar, situated on the Black Sea coast. The research focus is to discover not only the technical and mathematical parameters of this building, but also philosophical and poetic aspects in the architecture. In some essential points of my analysis, I refer to the thesis of the American architect and researcher Peter Eisenman: firstly to his definition for a canonical building and secondly to his methodology of repetition in the close reading of architecture. The thesis I defend through the reconstruction is that this house is an office building made of wood and stone. Like Eisenman's methodology, I disassemble the original composition of the project into a series of components for rethinking. I look at the elements independently: yard, stairs, cavity, walls, chimney, windows. I find in the house the contrasting ideas of slowness and of acceleration. References: Agacinski 2006: Agacinski, Sylviane. Philosophies et politiques des l’ architecture. Sofia Vazov 1964: Vazov, Ivan. Pod igoto. t. 3. Sachinenia. Sofia. Allen 2008: Allen, Stan. Eisenman’s canon. A counter-memory of the modern. In: Ten Canonical Buildings: 1950-2000. New-York, 9-12. Butcher 2020: Butcher, Matthew. Architectures of Slowness: Actioning Historical Loops and Repetitions. In: Expanding Field of Architectural Discourse and Practice, eds. Matthew Butcher, Megan O’Shea. London, 160-191. Eisenman 2008: Eisenman, Peter. Ten Canonical Buildings: 1950-2000. New York. Eisenman 2006: Eisenman, Peter. The Formal Basis of Modern Architecture. Zürich. Vitale 2016: Vitale, Valeria. Transparent, Multivocal, Crossdisciplinary: the Use of Linked Open Data and a Community – Developed RDF Ontology to Document and Enrich 3D Visualization for Cultural Heritage. In: Digital Classics Outside the Echo-chamber. Teaching, Knowledge Exchange and Public Engagement, eds. Gabriel Bodard, Matteo Romanello, London, 147-168.
Field video recordings from the 1950s in the folk music archive of the institute of art studies
The text announces the beginning of a process of digitizing a 16 mm video tapes collection in the Folk Music Archive of the Institute of Art Studies which has remained inaccessible for over three decades and whose digitization is now possible thanks to the ‘Cultural Heritage in the Archives of the Institute of Art Studies: An Interactive Map of the Arts in Bulgaria’ project. Brief historical data on the collection have been introduced, the first documents of which date from 1954. Based on the first digitized and reviewed tapes, some characteristics of the stored materials have been presented as well as the stages and problems in their restoration and subsequent digital processing. The importance of the collection content for future work in various scientific areas, and more specifically ethnomusicology and ethnochoreology in Bulgaria, has been commented on. References: Botuscharov 1973: Botuscharov, Lyuben. Vaprosi na katalogizatsiyata na balgarskiya muzikalen folklore v arhiva na Instituta za muzikoznanie pri BAS. Sofia, manuscript. Dimov 2016: Dimov, Ventsislav. Raina Katsarova i nay-rannite terenni zvukozapisi na traditsionna muzika ot Balgariya. – Bulgarian Musicology, No 1, 33-67. Djidjev 2009: Djidjev, Todor. Problemi na dokumentiraneto i notiraneto na narodnata muzika dnes. In: Folklor i savremennost. Sbornik statii. Sofia, 24-29. Kumichin 2017: Kumichin, Maria. Nauchnata deynost na Todor Todorov v konteksta na balgarskata muzikalna folkloristika ot vtorata polovina na XX vek. PhD Dissertation, IAS, Music Department, Sofia. Naydenova 2015: Naydenova, Goritsa. Muzikalnofolklornite dialekti na Elena Stoin v zvuk. Sofia. Naydenova 2021а: Naydenova, Goritsa. Ivan Kachulev, muzikalnite instrumenti i zvukovata sreda. Terenni materiali i nauchno delo. Sofia. Naydenova 2021b: Naydenova, Goritsa. Nauchnite arhivi na Instituta za izsledvane na izkustvata: spetsifiki i nyakoi problemi pri vavezhdaneto im v bazi danni. – Bulgarian Musicology, Special Issue, 7-40. Statulov 2021: Statulov, Deyan. Personalnite fondove v arhiv ‘Ekranni izkustva’ v konteksta na obshtestvenite filmovi arhivi v Balgariya: problemi i vazmozhnosti za opazvaneto im. – Bulgarian Musicology, Special Issue, 150-160. Stoin 1981: Stoin, Elena. Muzikalno-folklorni dialekti v Balgariya. Sofia. Todorov 2002: Todorov, Todor. Vasil Stoin. Zhivot i delo. Sofia. Fügedi 2011: Fügedi, János. The Difference Between the Factual and Dancer’s Inner Reresentation of Movement Rhythm. – In: Proceedings of the 27th Conference. Budapest, 59-69. Fügedi 2015: Fügedi, János. Unheard but Visible – Defining Dance and Music Synchrony in Silent Films. – Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, No 60 (1), 171-183. Nettl 1964: Nettl, Bruno. Theory and Method of Ethnomusicology. New York. Archives: SA – BAS 1955: Scientific Archives, BAS, f. 83, op. 1, a.e. 41. SA – BAS 1957: Scientific Archives, BAS, f. 83, op. 1, a.e. 58
The dictionary as history of Bulgarian literature
The appearance of the literary dictionary in Bulgaria was registered between the two world wars, when the concept ofliterary history was already a fact. Literary historyliterary history seeks to cover the whole literary life and process, or to approach conceptually, selectively, taking into account the diversity of ideas, aesthetics and stylistics. In contrast, the dictionary strives for a smaller or larger scale, comprehensiveness of names and phenomena, completeness ofliterary-historical knowledge, although it uses the means of analytical-synthetic exposition. In the history of Bulgarian literary dictionaries, the dictionary either continued the literary-historical narrative by other means, or supplemented and compensated the lack of adequate literary-historical knowledge, or used new possibilities for structuring this knowledge in its special format. References: Mirolyubov 1907: Mirolyubov, V. [D-r K. Krastev]. Vmesto predgovor. In: Mirolyubov, V. Mladi i stari. Kriticheski ocherki varhu dneshnata balgarska literatura. Penev 1910: Penev, Boyan. Posoki i tseli pri prouchvane na novata ni literatura. In: Lit. sb. ‘Misal’, 1-32. Sivriev 1999: Sivriev, Sava. Mitos i tehne. Opit varhu balgarskata literatura ot minaliya vek. Sofiya. Strashimirov 1896: Strashimirov, D. T. [[‘Balgarska literatura’. Ot A. Teodorov]. – Balgarska sbirka, 5, 496-508.] Teodorov-Balan 1896: Teodorov-Balan, Aleksandar. Balgarska literatura. Kratko rakovodstvo za sredni i spetsialni uchilishta. Plovdiv: Izdanie i pechat na Hr. G. Danov.
Multifunctional model for unified description and access to unique documents and special collections of cultural heritage
The article presents the work on two important projects, based on which new knowledge is created related to the disclosure of the content and features of the described primary sources – Slavonic menaia and other manuscripts and rare and valuable books from the Church-Historical and Archival Institute (CHAI) of the Bulgarian Patriarchate, from the Regional Museum of History (RMH) – Lovech and from the Regional Library ‘Prof. Benyu Tsonev’(RL) – Lovech on the one hand, as well as with the proposal for the creation of a multifunctional model on the other hand. The model aims to use the same data on the content and specific features of documents for different purposes and offers specific approaches in building information resources to make them more useful for future research, more widely available, more adaptive in subsequent technological transformations. References: Hristova-Shomova 2018: Hristova-Shomova, Iskra. Dragotin miney: balgarski rakopis ot nachaloto na XII v. zapazen kato palimpsest v Dragotiniya apostol (NBKM 880). Sofiya. Knizhovnoto 2011: Knizhovnoto nasledstvo v balgarskite biblioteki: Rezultati ot prouchvane. Sofiya. [onlinе]. Available from: http://www.lib.bg/kragli_masi/Knizhovno_nasledstvo_doklad.pdf Natsionalna 2013: Natsionalna strategiya i programa za opazvane na knizhovnoto kulturno nasledstvo v bibliotekite i osiguryavane na dostap do nego: Proekt. Sofiya. [onlinе]. Available from: https://www.lib.bg/publish Yovcheva 2014: Yovcheva, Mariya. Starobalgarskiyat sluzheben miney. Sofiya.
The visual communication of the local religiosity as a part of the Bulgarian Cultural Heritage
The creation of visual works dedicated to local religiosity as part of the Bulgarian cultural heritage forms is an interdisciplinary approach to anthropological research, because in addition to the visual presentation of names, facts, dates and events allow the audience to immerse themselves in the modern era. This is successfully applied in the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competencies in various fields, as well as acquaintance with local religiosity. The main components of the impact are multichannel, mass, speed of distribution and perception. In this way, two vector lines are traced: the first – the visualization of the Bulgarian cultural and historical space and the second – the connection of these concepts with linguodidactic aspects as a model of research. References: Halachev 2009: Halachev, Lubomir. Documentalnoto kino. Stupka po stupka. Sofia. Jordanova 2014: Jordanova, Kremena. Ezhednevieto v selo Slaveino - sreshta na dve identichnosti. In: Vayra smesena. Aspekti na vsekidnevieto v dve rodopski sela, Sofia, 11-36. Kanevski 2018: Kanevski, Konstantin. Tchudotvornoto aqzmo i paraklisite v Momchilovtzi. Smolian. Kaftandjiev 1996: Kaftandjiev, Hristo. Vizualna comunikacia. Sofia. Koleva 2012: Koleva, Irina. Etnopsihologicheski model na obrazovatelno vzaimodeistvie. Sofia. Kotzeva 2014: Kotzeva, Violeta. Praznici, pamet, identichnost. Oshte edin opit varhu tolerantnostta (po primera na selo Slaveino, obshtina Smolayn). In: Vayra smesena. Aspekti na vsekidnevieto v dve rodopski sela, Sofia, 56-72. Spasov 2012: Spasov, Radoslav. Suzdavane na dokumentalni filmi za rusenskite curkvi ‘Sveta Troitsa’ i ‘Sveti Velicomuchenik Georgi’. In: Almanah za istoriyata na Ruse, Vol. XII, 236-244. Spasov 2015: Spasov, Radoslav. Vizualni aspecti na istoriyata. Sofia. Spasov 2018: Spasov, Radoslav. Vizualna comunicacia i moderni metodi za populqrizirane na Sveti Dimitriji Basarbovski i skalnia manastir krai Basarbovo, Rusensko. In: CAMERA DANUBIANA – obrazi ot gradovete v stranite po Dunav. Izvestia na RIM-Ruse, Vol. ХХ, 106-116. Stoeva 2005: Stoeva, Emilia. Viziata v dokumentalnoto kino. Sofia. Tepavitcharov 2014: Tepavitcharov, Veselin. Tolerantnostta i doverieto – kluch kum integraciata na etnicheskite i religioznite obshnosti v Bulgarskoto obshtestvo (primerut na selata Slaveino i Vievo, obshtina Smolqn). In: Vayra smesena. Aspekti na vsekidnevieto v dve rodopski sela, Sofia, 73-87.
Educational video game for Valchan Voivoda
The paper presents a brief scientific study of the capabilities of the APOGEE software platform to facilitate the automated creation of an educational video maze game. It presents the developed within Heritage BG project experimental educational video maze game dedicated to the work and legacy of Bulgarian rebel Valchan Voivoda and their impact on the historical development of Bulgaria in the first half of the 19th century. References: Abt 1987: Abt, Clark C. Serious Games. University Press of America. Bontchev 2015: Bontchev, Boyan. Serious Games for and as Cultural Heritage. In: Digital Presentation and Preservation of Cultural and Scientific Heritage, V, 43-58. Bontchev, Vassileva, Dankov 2019: Bontchev, Boyan, Vassileva, Dessislava and Yavor Dankov. The APOGEE Software Platform for Construction of Rich Maze Video Games for Education. In: Proceedings of ICSOFT’2019, Ed. by M. van Sinderen and L. Maciaszek, INSTICC, 491-498. Deterding, Khaled, Dixon, Nacke 2011: Deterding, Sebastian, Khaled, Rilla, Dixon, Dan and Lennart Nacke. From Game Design Elements to Gamefulness: Defining Gamification. In: MindTrek, 9-15. Gee 2009: Gee, James. Games, Learning and 21st Century Survival Skills. In: Journal for Virtual Worlds Research, 2(1). Gee 2003: Gee, James. What Video Games Have to Teach us About Learning and Literacy. In: Journal of Computer Entertainment, Vol. 1, 20-28. Girard, Écalle, Magnan, 2013: Girard, C., Écalle, Jean and Annie Magnan. Serious Games as New Educational Tools: How Effective are They? A Meta-analysis of Recent Studies. In: Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29, 207-219. Kirriemuir, McFarlane 2004: Kirriemuir, John and Angela McFarlane. Literature Review in Games and Learning, Futurelab Series, Report 8. Michael, Chen 2006: Michael, David and Sande Chen. Serious Games: Games that Educate, Train and Inform. Boston, MA. Thomson Course Technology. Paunova-Hubenova 2019: Paunova-Hubenova, Elena. Didactic Mini Video Games – Students’ and Teachers’ Point of View. In: CBU International Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7, 552-558. Prensky 2002: Prensky Marc. The Motivation of Game Play. The Real Twenty-first Century Learning Revolution. In: On the Horizon, 10(1), 5-11. Ritterfeld, Weber 2006: Ritterfeld, Ute and Rene Weber. Video Games for Entertainment and Education. In: Playing Video Games: Motives, Responses, and Consequences, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc. Publ. 24(1), 399-413. Salen, Zimmerman 2004: Salen, Katie and Eric Zimmerman. Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. MIT Press, Cambridge, USA. Terzieva, Paunova-Hubenova, Bontchev 2018: Terzieva, Valentina, Paunova-Hubenova, Elena and Boyan Bontchev. Identifying the User Needs of Educational Video Games in Bulgarian Schools. In: Proceedings of ECGBL’18, 687-695.
Creation of feasible non-player character
Virtual players, also called non-player characters (NPCs), are an integral part of video games. NPCs develop the story of the game and create a critical mass of virtual players making the game more attractive, whether it is educational games or games just for fun. The creation of a virtual player goes through stages that gives plausible human behavior. References: Bontchev et al. 2019: Bontchev, Boyan, Vassileva, Dessislava and Yavor Dankov. The APOGEE Software platform for construction of rich maze video games for education. In: Proc. of ICSOFT’2019, Ed. by M. van Sinderen and L. Maciaszek, INSTICC, 491-498. Michael, Chen 2006: Michael, David and Chen, Sande. Serious Games: Games that Educate, Train and Inform, Boston, MA. Thomson Course Technology. Unity Technologies 2019: Unity Technologies, Navigation and Pathfinding, Unity Documentation, https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/Navigation.html Vishnoi 2020: Vishnoi. Laduram. Conversational Agent: A More Assertive Form of Chatbots, Towards Data Science, https://towardsdatascience.com/conversational-agent-a-more-assertive-form-of-chatbots-de6f1c8da8dd
Mural fragments and inscriptions in Greek from St Anastasia Island and their context
St. Anastasia is the only island with a survived monastery on the contemporary Black seа border of Bulgaria. Art works preserved there and the epigraphic data are an important source for the history of the sea-side abbey, which are not yet properly studied. In this essay are presented some Greek epigraphs that were previously interpreted wrongly in scholarship. Among them is the earliest survived inscription already published by Ivan Karayotov but reading the date as 1772. The new reading of the year in this contribution shows that the Greek text is evidencing for a renewal works in the monastery took place two centuries earlier or in 1574. This is absolutely new element in the history of the monastic church and its frescoes. In this essay for the first time a description of the survived fragments is offered, which does not claim for totality, but could serve for future research. The new reading of the inscription allows to make an assumption that the murals appeared after 1574 when the said renewal happened. And as terminus antequem authors accept Kazak invasions in South Black Sea coast, that affected St Anastasia’ island as well in 1611, 1613 and 1615. In this text an analysis is made and is offered new reading of some later epigraphs from the bema table, the altar screen and the bishops throne of the catholicon. Their adequate reading rejects categorically many of already created legends about the island, which became a popular touristic destination that attracts thousands of visitors lately. The results of this survey are an important argumentation against pseudohistory that was invented last years, which along with the commercial purpose of the island today, i.e. to be a place used for culinary tourism with a hotel accommodation, created a cultural and historical homunculus, which don’t attract educated visitors, but offers instead one false and self-reproductive paraheritage. References: Chilev 1908: Chilev, Petar. Mesemvriyska kondika (codex). – In: Periodichno spisanie, 1908, 9-10, 608-622. Gergova, Moutafov 2004: Gergova, Ivanka., Emanuel, Moutafov. Stenopisite ot tsarkvata ‘Sv. Georgi Mali’ v Nesebar. – Art Studies Quarterly, 1, 2004, 43–55. Gerov 2012: Gerov, Georgi. Nesebarskata hudozhestvena produktsiya ot kraya na XVI – nachaloto na XVII vek. Novi danni. – Art Studies Quarterly, 2, 2012, 20-26. Karayotov 1973: Karayotov, Ivan. Stranitsa ot istoriyata na malkiya ostrov. – Orbita, 9(217), 3.03.1973, 13. Karayotov 2001: Karayotov, Ivan. Neizvestnoto za manastira ‘Sv. Bogoroditsa Farmakolitriya’. – More, 5-6, 2001, 8-12. Karayotov 2002: Karayotov, Ivan. Ostrovniyat manastir ‘Sv. Bogoroditsa Farmakolitriya’. – In: Etnicheski i religiozni vzaimodeystviya. Godishni nauchni cheteniya po humanitaristika – Burgas, 2001. Burgas, 2002, 104-112. Karayotov 2004: Karayotov, Ivan. Ostrov Sveta Anastasiya. Burgas, 2004. Karayotov 2012: Karayotov, Ivan. Ikonostasat v tsarkvata na ostrov Sveta Anastasiya. – Morski vestnik za morska politika, biznes i kultura, 25.04.2012. Mardi-Babikova 1983: Mardi-Babikova, Velda. Stenopisi i ikonostasa v tsarkvata ‘Sv. Bogoroditsa’ na o. Bolshevik. – In: Prouchvaniya i konservatsiya na pametnitsite na kulturata v Balgariya, T. II, 1983, 95-97. Mavrommatis 1960: Mavrommatis, Theodosios. Τὸ μοναστήρι τῆς Ἀγίας Ἀναστασίας τῆς Φαρμακολύτριας τὸ εἰς Εὔξεινον Πόντον. – Ἀρχεῖον τοῦ Θρακικοῦ Λαογραφικοῦ καὶ Γλωσσικοῦ Θησαυροῦ, τόμος 25, 1960, 201-216. Moutafov et al. 2008: Moutafov, Emmanuel, Ivanka Gergova, Alexander Kuyumdzhiev, Elena Popova, Elena Genova, Dimitrios Gonis. Gratski zografi v Bulgaria sled 1453 godina. Sofia, 2008. Popova 1985: Popova, Diana. Kam vaprosa za hudozhestveno atelie ili shkola v Nesebar ot kraya na XVІ i nachaloto na XVІІ v. – Izkustvo, 2, 1985, 34-41. Saselov et al. 1975: Saselov, Dimitar., Velda Mardi-Babikova, Yanko Keremidchiev. Ostrov Bolshevik. Sgradi, arhitektura, stenopisi i darvorezba. Buntat na smelite. (Album), Sofia, 1975. Saselov 1983: Saselov, Dimitar. Ostrov Bolshevik-ostrov muzey. – In: Prouchvania i konservatsia na pametnitsite na kulturata v Bulgaria, Т. 2, С., 1983, 83-94. Trifonova 2021: Trifonova, Aleksandra. Ikona na sv. Anastasiya Farmakolitriya s osem zhitiyni stseni. – Art Studies Quarterly, 1, 2021, 13-24. Vanev 2021: Vanev, Ivan. Tri pisma ot ostrov ‘Sv. Anastasia’ ot lyatoto na 1911 g. – In: Journeys. Art Readings 2020. 2021, Sofia, 329-344.
A Methodology for design and implementation of VR applications in the Cultural Heritage Field
Modern society now accepts as an integral part of their daily lives the Internet connection and the use of various technological devices, from the computer at work, through the phone in our pocket, to the so-called smart devices in our smart home. Virtual reality (VR) technologies have developed rapidly in recent years and are increasingly adopted in many areas. Such areas are the automotive industry (design and simulations), healthcare (training, virtual operations), real estate (interior design and furnishing) and architecture, education and interactive games. Areas that allow interdisciplinary work between VR specialists and teams working in the field of cultural and historical heritage (CH) are tourism in general and the provision of a different way of human interaction with CH sites. The resilience of a VR system depends primarily on the approach to its creation, which should provide ways to manage the addition of new data (and new types of data) and adaptation to new requirements (output) using the latest technologies. What is important is not the implemented technologies, but the management of the integration of these evolutions into a modular ‘system’. Thus, we propose a methodology for their creation in order to clarify the steps that the collaborative specialist should follow, the risks that may appear and some suggestions how to minimize their impact. References: Georgiev 2020: Georgiev, Emil. Vliazoha li bulgarskite muzei v krak s vremeto, Sega, 11 Dec. 2020, https://www.segabg.com/category-observer/vlyazoha-li-bulgarskite-muzei-krak-vremeto Bozzelli, Raia, Ricciardi et al. 2019: Bozzelli, G., Raia, A., Ricciardi, S., De Nino, M., Barile, N., Perrella, M., Tramontano, M., Pagano, A., Palombini, A. An Integrated VR/AR Framework for User-centric Interactive Experience of Cultural Heritage: The ArkaeVision Project. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage. 2019 Dec. 1;15:e00124. Fassi et al. 2016: Fassi, F. et al. VR for Cultural Heritage. In: International Conference on Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Computer Graphics. Springer, Cham, 2016. Ings 2021: Ings, Simon. How the Pandemic is Revolutionising Art Galleries and Museums, NewScientist, 3 February 2021, https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg24933202-100-how-the-pandemic-is-revolutionising-art-galleries-and-museums/ ISO 9241-210:2019: ISO 9241-210:2019 Ergonomics of Human-system Interaction — Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems, Publication date: 2019-07, https://www.iso.org/standard/77520.html Machidon, Duguleana, Carrozzino et al. 2018: Machidon, Octavian, Mihai Duguleana and Marcello Carrozzino, Virtual Humans in Cultural Heritage ICT Applications: A Review, Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 33, 249-260. Poux, Valembois, Mattes et al. 2020: Poux, F., Valembois, Q., Mattes, C., Kobbelt, L., Billen, R. Initial User-Centered Design of a Virtual Reality Heritage System: Applications for Digital Tourism. Remote Sensing. 12(16):2583. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162583 Southall, Marmion, Davies 2019: Southall, Helen, Maeve Marmion and Andrew Davies. Adapting Jake Knapp’s Design Sprint Approach for AR/VR Applications in Digital Heritage. Augmented reality and virtual reality. Springer, Cham, 59-70. Internet sources: Bulgarian Archaeological Institute with Museum: 3D virtualna razhodka na HAIM pri BAN, http://naim.bg/bg/tour/ Military Museum: Virtualen Muzei na Natsionalen Voennoistoricheski Muzei, https://militarymuseum.bg/virtualen-muzei/ National Library: Natsionalna biblioteka ‘Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodij’ – portal ‘Virtualna galeria’, http://nationallibrary.bg/wp/?page_id=10067, https://tourmake.it/bg/tour/5ffa27a34717b6a4897d31818b1e84b4 National Museum of Natural History: Няма текст в квадратни скоби, https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=igvaES2BjBi&f=0 Sofia Library: SERDICA – digitalna platforma na Stolichna biblioteka, https://serdica.libsofia.bg/ Google Street View: Google, What is Street View? https://www.google.com/streetview/ , https://artsandculture.google.com/search/streetview?project=natural-history Louvre: TheLouvre,VirtualTour,PLATFORM: YouVisit, Accessible on Web VR/iOS/Android, http://www.youvisit.com/tour/louvremuseum MatterPort: MatterPort, Official Website, How MatterPort Works, https://matterport.com/how-it-works National Museum of Computing: UK’s National Museum of Computing, PLATFORM: Matterport (any device) https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=Vz8kCqGRjQA OpenXR: Open XR official website, https://www.khronos.org/openxr/ TombofPharaohRamsesVI: TheTombofPharaoh RamsesVI, EgyptianTourism Authorityand Cairo-based studio VRTEEK, https://my.matterport.com/show/?m=NeiMEZa9d93&mls=1 TourMake: TourMake official website, Pricing and functionalities, https://tourmake.net/en/prices YouVisit: YouVisit official website, Help Home Guides Platform, Supported Content, Last Updated: August 15, 2019 https://youvisit.drift.help/article/supported-content/
Ancient thracian cultural and historical heritage
The article aims to define the new problematic situations and the new ‘participants’ in the generation of Thracian cultural and historical heritage, caused by the profound changes in the Bulgarian state and Bulgarian society in the late 20th and early 21st century. It traces the roots of the interest of the Bulgarian society to Antiquity, respectively to the Thracian antiquities, which awoke under the influence of the Renaissance ideas of the European West as early as the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century. ‘Cultural-historical heritage’ is a modern cultural construct and interpretive anthropological term, which is becoming today, among other things, a central tool in the analysis of the mechanisms of construction of national identities. References: Aretov 1995: Aretov, Nikolay. Balgarskoto vazrazhdane i Evropa. Sofia: http://slovo.bg/showwork.php3?AuID=38&WorkID=4536&Level=3 (Accessed: 05.06.2017). Balcheva 2021: Balcheva, Antoaneta. Ideologemata za slavyanska vzaimnost v literaturnata traditsia na ilirizma. V: Mirabilia: vremena, prostranstva, mitove. Sofia (pod pechat). Bonev 2007: Bonev, Chavdar. Praslavyanskite plemena. Chast 1. Sofia. Bonev 2008: Bonev, Chavdar. Praslavyanskite plemena. Chast 2. Sofia. Bonev 2009: Bonev, Chavdar. Ch. 3. Praslavyanskata tsarkva i drugi proekti. Osnovni tezi. Sofia. Bonev 2010: Bonev, Chavdar. Praslavyanskite plemena. Chast 2. Sofia. Genchev 1988: Genchev, Stoyan. G. Rakovski i izsledvaneto na balgarskata narodna kultura. V: Rakovski, Georgi. Sachinenia. T. 4, Sofia. Ginchev 1988: Ginchev, Tsani. Ognenite trakiyski lyubovni streli i zhivite poleli i leli (Kupidoni i Veneri). V: Zemya i hora. Sofia. Grigorova 2006: Grigorova, Margreta. „Proglasat“ na Lyudevit Gay i glasovete na „Lirata Iliria“. – Proglas. Izdanie na Filologicheskia fakultet pri Velikotarnovskia universitet „Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiy“, No. 2, 58-82. Dichev 2015: Dichev, Ivaylo. Disnilend „Bulgaria“. – https://www.dw.com/bg/ (Accessed: 16.03.2015). Dichev 2018: Dichev, Ivaylo. Otkade se vze tozi teatralno-patriotichen podem?. – https://www.dw.com/bg/ (Accessed: 20.08.2018). Eliade 1991: Eliade, Mircha. Mitovete na modernia svyat. – Panorama, No 3-4, 6-14. Kalfina 2015: Kalfina, Vyara. „Gradil Dionis kilia… ili Za Brad Pit i Trifon Zarezan“. – Seminar_BG, 12, Kultura za prodan: https://www.seminar-bg.eu/spisanie-seminar-bg/broy12/item/442-gradil_dionis_kiliya.html (Accessed: 06.05.2015). Lazarova 2008: Lazarova, Erika. Nayden Sheytanov: patyat na balgarskoto kulturno misionerstvo. – Literaturen svyat, No 3, noemvri 2008: https://literaturensviat.com/?p=2978 (Accessed: 18.06.2021). Lozanova 2019: Lozanova, Vanya. ‘Living history’: Parformans i identichnosti. – Treta kragla masa „Universitetat sreshta muzeya“: „Zhivite nasledstva i muzeyat (mezhdu eksponirane, animirane, razigravane, sazdavane na vazstanovki i novi kulturni praktiki)“. Sofia (pod pechat). Lozanova 2019a: Lozanova, Vanya. Kam parvomartenskata obrednost: traditsii i (sa-)vremennost. – V: Proletta v praznichnia obreden kalendar: traditsia i modernost. (Problemi na kulturnoto nasledstvo, Tom 3). Sofia, 40-70. Lozanova 2020: Lozanova, Vanya. ‘Living history’ kato parformans: postomoderen pogled kam predmodernoto minalo. V: Nematerialnoto kulturno nasledstvo: samobitnost, priemstvenost, oporochavane. Sbornik s dokladi ot nauchna konferentsia, Sofia, 28 mart 2018 g. Sofia, 253-264. Mazdrashka-Mihova 2015: Mazdrashka-Mihova, Fani. Istoricheskite vazstanovki kato spetsialno sabitie. – Newmedia21.eu. Mediite na XXI vek: Onlayn izdanie za izsledvania, analizi, kritika [online]. – http://www.newmedia21.eu/analizi/istoricheskite-vazstanovki-kato-spetsialno-sabitie/ (Accessed: 13 mart 2015). Metodieva 2019: Metodieva, Marta. Grako-rimskata antichnost v balgarskata knizhnina (kraya na XVIII – parvata polovina na XIX vek). PhD Dissertation, Institute of Balkan Studies with Center of Thracology, BAS, Sofia. Nikolov 2013: Nikolov, Aleksandar. Paraistoriyata kato fenomen na prehoda: „preotkrivaneto“ na drevnite balgari. In: Istoricheskiyat habitus: opredmetenata istoria. Sbornik v chest na 65-godishninata na dots. d-r Rumen Donkov. Sofia, 24-63. Rakovski 1865: Rakovski, Georgi. Balgarska starina. Bukuresht. Rakovski 1880: Rakovski, Georgi. Klyucha balgarskago yazыka. Odesa. Sedakova 2009: Sedakova, Irina. Martenitsa v sovremennoy gorodskoy kulyture Bolgarii. – MARTENITsA. MĂRŢIŞOR. ΜΑΡΤ’Σ.VERORE... In: Materialы kruglogo stola 25 marta 2008 goda. Moskva: Institut slavyanovedenia RAN, Tsentr lingvokulyturnыh issledovaniy ‘Balcanica’, 139-148. Simeonova 2010: Simeonova, Gatya Tsani Ginchev: kam vaprosa za ostoynostyavane na prinosa. – https://liternet.bg/publish26/gatia-simeonova/cani-ginchev.htm (Accessed: 12.09.2010; Accessed: 05.04.2021). Stanchev 2011: Stanchev, Evlogi. Tvorchestvoto na d-r Gancho Tsenov – akademichen natsionalizam ili kvazinauchen avtohtonizam. – http://prehodbg.com/sites/default/files/Evlogi (Accessed: 18.06.2021) Strahilov 2017: Strahilov, Ivo. Trakite otvrashtat na udara: antichno nasledstvo i kultura na uchastieto. – Seminar BG. Onlayn spisanie za kulturni izsledvania. Broy 14. Veselata publichnost: http://www.seminar-bg.eu/spisanie-seminar-bg/broy14/item/470-trakite-otvrashtat-na-udara.html (Accessed: 05.06.2017). Strahilov 2019: Strahilov, Ivo. „Trakiyskiyat“ razkaz v savremenna Bulgaria – stari legitimatsionni refleksi ili tarsene na evropeyska prinadlezhnost (istoricheski obrazi, kulturni stereotipi i ideologicheski konstrukti). PhD Dissertation, Sofiyski universitet "Sv. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia. Troeva 2018: Troeva, Evgenia. Balgarskoto neoezichestvo i trakite. In: Sb. Zhiva starina. Nauchnoto nasledstvo na Dimitar Marinov (1846 – 1940). Sofia, 204-220. Sheytanov 2006: Sheytanov, Nayden. 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Conceptualization of natural heritage in the context of the ecosystem approach
The article aims to explore natural heritage as a socio-ecological phenomenon. The definitions and cycle of development of the concept of natural heritage is explained. The process of provision and demand of ecosystem services that benefit socio-environmental systems is presented to illustrate how an element of the natural system becomes natural heritage. As a result of the analysis, the authors propose a definition of ‘natural heritage’ in the context of an ecosystem-based approach. The results would support the sustainable use of natural heritage sites for the development of nature-based tourism. References: Georgiev 2005: Georgiev, Georgi. Kriterii i indikatori za rekreatsionna otsenka na biologichnoto raznoobrazie na zashtitenite teritorii v Balgariya, Problemi na geografiyata, kn. 3-4, BAN, Sofiya, Balgariya, 65-68. Gurkov et al. 2013: Gurkov, Rosen, Galev, Emil, Perchiklijski, Grigor and Ivan Golomehov. Evropeyska Konventsiya za Landshafta. Vavezhdane v Balgariya AGENTSIYA DEYTA-SPP SPP, Sofia, 1-25. EKL 2005: Evropeyskata konventsiya za landshafta. DV br. 22 ot 15 mart 2005. Nikolova et al. 2020: Nikolova, Mariyana, Nedkov, Stoyan and Biliyana Borisova. Prirodno nasledstvo i rekreacionni ekosistemni uslugi, SocioBrains, Issue 66, 1-8. http://sociobrains.com/ Popova 1993: Popova, Nikolina. Prirodni rekreatsionni resursi, Univ. izd. ‘Sv. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia, 1 127. Tomova, Borisova 2018: Tomova, Каtrin and Biliyana Borisova. Biosfernite parkove po programata ‘Chovekat i biosferata’ na YUNESKO kato instrument za regionalno razvitie i osaznavane na palniya nabor ot ekosistemni uslugi (na primera na Tsentralen Balkan). Godishnik na SU ‘Sv. Kliment Ohridski’, kn. 2, tom 110. 123-144. Toncheva 2014: Toncheva, Тоdorka. Vliyanie na bioraznoobrazieto varhu razvitieto na turizma, Avangard Prima, Sofia, 1-98. Vasileva 2018: Vasileva, Vanya. Prirodni turisticheski resursi na Balgariya, Shumen. De Groot et al. 2002: de Groot, Rudolf, Matthew Wilson and Boumans Roelof. A Typology for the Classification, Description and Valuation of Ecosystem Functions, Goods and Services. Ecological Economics 41 (3), 393-408. Haines-Young, Potschin 2013: Haines-Young, Roy and Marion Potschin. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) V 4.3: Consultation on Version 4, August-December 2012. EEA Framework Contract No EEA/IEA/09/003, Available from https://biodiversity.europa.eu/maes/common-international-classification-of-ecosystem-services-cices-classification-version-4.3. Haines-Young, Potschin 2017: Haines-Young, Roy and Marion Potschin. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES) V5.1 and Guidance on the Application of the Revised Structure. Available from www.cices.eu. Havinga, Bogaart, Hein, Tuia 2020: Havinga Ilan, Patrick Bogaart, Lars Hein and Devis Tuia. Defining and Spatially Modelling Cultural Ecosystem Services Using Crowdsourced Data, Ecosystem Services, Volume 43, June 2020, 101-091. Georgiev 2006: Georgiev, Georgi. Nyakoi problemi na rekreatsionnoto usvoyavane na zashtitenite teritorii v Balgariya http://oldweb.ltu.bg/jmsd/files/articles/14/14-29 _G_Georgiev.pdf Gordon 2018: Gordon, John. Geoheritage, Geotourism and the Cultural Landscape: Enhancing the Visitor Experience and Promoting Geoconservation, Geosciences, 8 (4), 136 https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences 8040136 Ihtimanski et al. 2020: Ihtimanski Ivo, Stoyan Nedkov and Lidiya Semerdzhieva. Mapping the Natural Heritage as a Source of Recreation Services at National Scale in Bulgaria, One Ecosystem 5, https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e54621 Nedkov et al. 2021: Nedkov, Stoyan, Mariana Nikolova, Radenka Mitova, Bilyana Borisova, Dessisslava Hristova, Lidiya Semerdzhieva, Miglena Zhiyanski and Hristina Prodanova. Prioritization of Ecosystem Services Related to the Natural Heritage in Bulgaria, JBGS, Pentsoft, (in print). Nikolova et al. 2021: Nikolova Mariana, Stoyan Nedkov, Bilyana Borisova, Velimira Stoyanova and Radenka Mitova. Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Natural Heritage Sites in Karst Territories of Smolyan Region, Bulgaria (in this volume). Osipova et. al. 2014: Osipova, E., Wilson, L., Ralph Blaney, Yachuan Shi, Max Fancourt, Strubel, M., Salvaterra, T., Brown, C. and B. Verschuuren, The Benefits of Natural World Heritage: Identifying and Assessing Ecosystem Services and Benefits Provided by the World’s Most Iconic Natural Places. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. vi + 58. Selicato 2016: Selicato, Francesco. The Concept of Heritage. In: Rotondo F., Selicato F., Marin V., Lopez Galdeano J. (eds.) Cultural Territorial Systems. Springer Geography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20753-7_2 Sinnyovsky 2011: Sinnyovsky, Dimitar. Geoconservation and the Geological Heritage of Bulgaria. Journal of the Bulgarian Geological Society, year 72, vol. 1–3, 99-110. Thurney 2005: Thurney, Simon. Into the Future. Our Strategy for 2005-2010. In: Conservation Bulletin English Heritage (49), 25 – 26. Retrieved from https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/conservation-bulletin-49/cb-49/ Tengberg et al. 2012: Tengberg, Anna, Fredholm, Susanne, Eliasson, Ingegard, Knez, Igor, Saltzman, Katarina and Ola Wetterberg. Cultural Ecosystem Services Provided by Landscapes: Assessment of Heritage Values and Identity, Ecosystem Services, 2012, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.07.006. Sites: CEU 2019: Central European University. The Concept and History of Cultural Heritage. Avilable at: https://medievalstudies.ceu.edu/concept-and-history-cultural-heritage Cultural Heritage Act, 2009 adopted Official Journal No.19/13.03.2009, amend. OJ. 17/26. 02. 2021 https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/bulgaria_culturalheritageact_2009_entof.pdf World Heritage Convention, 1972. UNESCO World Heritage website: http://whc.unesco.org/
The multidimensional content of wellness culture
The study purpose is to detect the citizens’ culture forforest medicine and therapies related to the effect of a healthy lifestyle. Consumers’ opinions on innovative services were exploring: forest air and oxygen bath, forest art, forest menu, forest hammam and forest elephant eyes. The activities and publications of the Bulgarian Centre for Excellence ‘Heritage BG’ disseminate a multidimensional wellness culture. We present an analysis of applied psychometric experiment studying the importance, self-perception and satisfaction in communicating with forests and preserving them as natural heritage. References: Chipeva, Maya. Avangard Prima: Kango dzhémps Aerobika. Sofia, 2019. Dimitrova, Bistra, et al. Sotsialna znachimost na uelnes (wellness) kulturata: sravnitelen analiz po danni ot nauchni izsledvania na Galap interneshanal. Sofia, 2018. Dimitrova, Bistra, et al. Smart kognitiven instrumentarium. Vanshna otsenka na profesionalni kompetentsii za kadri v Nishov turizŭm. NSA Press. Sofia, 2021. Tomova, Tatiana. Menstrualni raztroĭ stva – razpostranenie i proyava. International Scientific journal Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 3, no. 2, 2021, pp. 33-38. Veselinov, Dimitar. Dialogat v obrazovanieto: Deseti mezhdunaroden esenen nauchno-obrazovatelen forum. Sofiya, 2021, pp. 11-16. Yosifov, Rumen. MMS: NSA ‘Vasil Levski’ Uchebna programa po sportna podgotovka za sportnite uchilishta – V–XII klas (Mart 2016 g. – Avgust 2016 g). 2019. Chalakov, Milen. "Optimizing the Control of Technical Performance of Forehand Stroke Among 12-year Old Tennis Players Using Martin’s Sigma method." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 18, suppl. 1, 2020, pp. 682-688. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Quality assessment about standards for wellness services and certified skills of specialized staff." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019, pp. 143-149. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Relationships between education and innovations in the recreational Industry in Bulgaria." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 18, no. 2, 2020, pp. 143-149. Donev, Jordan, et al. "Comparative Study of Measuring Physical Activity Among Sport Students." International scientific congress ‘Applied sports sciences. Balkan scientific congress of physical education, sports and health’, 15-16 Nov. 2019, Sofia, Bulgaria. Ellis, Sussie. The global wellness tourism economy Report. GlobalWellnessTourism Congress, Global wellness institute, 2013, pp. 9-10. Global Wellness Institute. "Economic Report." 2014, pp. 27-28, www.globalwellnessinstitute.org. Accessed 3 Dec 2014. Harizanova, Olya. "New scientific infrastructure for innovations on the creative and recreative industries." Smart innovations in the Recreative & Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism Journal, no. 1, 2019, pp. 17-21. Ignatova, Darinka, and Alexandar Iliev. "MotorQualitiesandTheirInfluenceonChildren’sDevelopment." International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreation, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, no. 2, 2020, pp. 16-44. Ivanova, Vessela. "Influence of Gymnastic Exercises in the Water Environment." International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, no. 1, 2019, pp. 53-56. Konchev, Mihail. "Big Data, Neural Network and Predictive Analytics: Application in the Field of Sport." International scientific congress ‘Applied Sports Sciences’ and Balkan scientific congress ‘Physical Education, Sports, Health’, 2019, Sofia, Bulgaria, pp. 393-397. Nesheva, Irina. "Study of results between initial and final specific tests In women with normal pregnancy." Trakia Journal of Sciences, no. 17, suppl. 2, 2019, pp. 135-142. Nesheva, Irina. "Information systemforinclusion ofwomen withnormalpregnancy in gymnastics program." Smart Innovations on the Recreative & Wellness Industries and Niche tourism, no. 2, 2020, pp. 33-39. Polimenov, Mincho. "Transfer of Innovation in the Service Technology for Increasing the Restaurant Quality Product." International Scientific journal Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 1, no. 2, 2019, pp. 29-35. Trendafilov, Dimitar, and Bistra Dimitrova. "Aqua spinning as anti-stress health prevention." Sport Mont, vol. 11, no. 37-38-39, 2013, pp. 467-473.
Evaluation of the diet of crossfit participants in a Crossfit affiliate box in Sofia, Bulgaria
The mix of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats properly can maintain good energy level and fast removal of metabolic products. We present the evaluation of the men and women participants diet in a CrossFit affiliate box in Bulgaria. We compare it with the recommendations for high-intensity training. The data were obtained from a questionnaire for nutrition. Energy intake and carbohydrate consumption values were lower than recommended for exercises with high-intensity. The lower carbohydrate intake negatively influences the energy intake but has with no significant risk for the efficient energy provision of the long-term recovery processes. References: Zaykova, Dilyana. Hranitelen rezhim pri sastezateli po borba klasicheski stil ot natsionalno i mezhdunarodno nivo. Predizvikatelstva i perspektivi pred sportnata nauka, 2017, pp. 73-82. Zaykova, Dilyana, i Lyubomir Petrov. "Otsenka na hraneneto pri sportovete kulturizam, vdigane na tezhesti i silov triboy." Predizvikatelstva i perspektivi pred sportnata nauka, Spetsifika na podgotovkata v razlichni sportni distsiplini, 2017, pp. 58-64. Aerenhouts, Dirk, et al. "Energy and Macronutrient Intake in Adolescent Sprint Athletes: A Follow-up Study." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 29, no. 1, 2011, pp. 73-82. American College of Sports Medicine and Academy of Nutrition and Dietics, Dietitians of Canada. ACSM, 2016. Burke, Louise, et al. "Carbohydrates for Training and Competition." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 9, 2011, pp. 17-27. Escobar, Kurt, et al. "The Effect of a Moderately Low and High Carbohydrate Intake on Crossfit Performance." International Journal of Exercise Science, vol. 9, no. 3, 2016, pp. 460-470. Glassman, Greg. "Meal Plans." CrossFit Journal, vol. 21, 2004, pp. 1-10. Glassman, Greg. "The CrossFit Training Guide." CrossFit Journal, 2010, pp. 1-115. Gleeson, Michael, et al. "Exercise, Nutrition and Immune Function." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 22, 2004, pp. 115-125. Harris, J., and Francis Benedict. A Biometric Study of Basal Metabolism in Man. Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1919. Jäger, Ralf, et al. "International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Protein and Exercise." Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 14, 2017, pp. 20. Kerksick, Chad, et al. "ISSN Exercise and Sports Nutrition Review Update: Research and Recommendations." Journal of International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 15, 2018, pp. 38. Koehler, Karsten, et al. "Low Energy Availability in Exercising Men is Associated with Reduced Leptin and Insulin but not with Changes in Other Metabolic Hormones." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 34, 2016, pp. 1921-1929. Kreider, Richard, et al. "ISSN Exercise & Sport Nutrition Review: Research & Recommendations." Journal of International Society of Sports Nutrition, vol. 2, no. 7, 2010, pp. 7. Loveless, Meredith. "Female Athlete Triad." Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol. 29, 2017, pp. 301-305. McArdle, William, et al. Exercise Physiology, Nutrition, Energy and Human Performance. Seventh edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010. Miteva, Silvia, et al. "Nutrition and Body Composition of Elite Rhythmic Gymnasts from Bulgaria." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, vol. 15, no. 1, 2020, pp. 108-116. Phillips, Stuart, and Luc Van Loon. "Dietary Protein for Athletes: From Requirements to Optimum Adaptation." Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 29, 2011, pp. 29-38. Prentice, A., and S. Jebb. "Beyond Body Mass Index." Obesity Reviews, vol. 2, no. 3, 2001, pp. 141-147. Schaafsma, Gertjan. "The Protein Digestibility-corrected Amino Acid Score." Journal of Nutrition, vol. 130, 2000, pp. 1865-1867. Sousa, Mónica, et al. "Dietary Strategies to Recover from Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage." International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, vol. 65, no. 2, 2014, pp. 151-163. Stulnig, Thomas. "The Zone Diet and Metabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of the American College of Nutrition, vol. 34, no. 1, 2015, pp. 39-41. Thomas, Travis, et al. "Nutrition and Athletic Performance." Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, vol. 48, no. 3, 2016, pp. 543-568.
Aquatic environment – effective tool for health prevention and hardening
According to the UN Annual Report on the Happiness Index by Nations, water practices show growth that is higher than the overall growth of all physical leisure activities. Methods: We apply a comparative analysis of applied innovative aqua programs by gender, for people in active age. Results: The immune system health is increased through the hardening effect of the aquatic environment and zone-oriented motor activity, according to gender and age. Aqua programs, backed by scientific evidence of effectiveness, combined with personalised diets, are increasingly desirable and fill the schedule of coaches with 2-3 weeks ahead. Discussion: Aqua practices are an effective tool for health prevention and a successful strategy against panic attacks. Conclusion: Aqua practices are a profitable tool for investing in individual, family and corporate health by raising the level of Well-being. References: Chalakov, Milen. Turnirite po fekhtovka na vsichki orŭzhiya, provedeni v Narodna Republika Bŭlgariya mezhdu 1976-1978 g. Sofiya, 2016, pp. 230-233. Chipeva, Maya. Avangard Prima: Kango dzhemps Aerobika. Sofia, 2019. Dimitrova, Bistra, et al. Smart kognitiven instrumentarium. Vŭnshna otsenka na profesionalni kompetentsii za kadri v Nishov turizŭm. Sofia, 2021, pp. 97-102. Tomova, Tatiana. Menstrualni raztroĭ stva – razpostranenie i proyava. International Scientific journal Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 3, no. 2, 2021, pp. 33-38. Vasileva, Kapka, and Maya Chipeva. Izsledvane i otsenka na dvigatelnata deesposobnost i tekhnicheskite umeniya na studentite v uchebnite chasove po basketbol na tekhnicheskiya universitet Sofiya. International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 2, no. 2, 2019, pp. 22-27. Veselinov, Dimitar. Dialogat v obrazovanieto. Deseti mezhdunaroden esenen nauchno-obrazovatelen forum, Dialogat v obrazovanieto – suvremennost i perspektivi. Sofiya, 2021, pp. 11-16. Chalakov, Milen. "Optimizing the Control of Technical Performance of Forehand Stroke among 12-year Old tennis Players Using Martin’s Sigma Method." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 18, no. 1, 2020, pp. 682-688. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Recreative Industry, Innovations and the Bulgarian Educational Model for Specialised Staff." Proceedings of the International Scientific Congress ‘Applied sports sciences’, Sofia, 2017, pp. 406-410. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Quality Assessment about Standards for Wellness Services and Certified Skills of Specialized Staff." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019, pp. 143-149. Dimitrova, Bistra. New Smart Educational Model ‘Wellness instructor’. Avangard Prima, Sofia, 2019. Dimitrova, Bistra. "Relationships Between Education and Innovations in the Recreational Industry in Bulgaria." Trakia Journal of Sciences, vol. 18, no. 2, 2020, pp. 143-149. Donev, Jordan, et al. "Comparative Study of Measuring Physical Activity Among Sport Students." International scientific congress ‘Applied sports sciences. Balkan scientific congress of physical education, sports and health’, Sofia, 2019, pp. 369-374. Global Wellness Institute. Economic Report. Miami, 2014, pp. 27-28. Ignatova, Darinka, and Alexandar Iliev. "Motor Qualities and Their Influence on Children’s Development." International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreation, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 2, no. 1-2, 2020, pp. 16-44. Ivanova, Vessela. "Influence of Gymnastic Exercises in the Water Environment." International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 1, no. 1, 2019, pp. 53-56. Konchev, Mihail. "Big Data, Neural Network and Predictive Analytics: Application in the Field of Sport." International scientific congress ‘Applied Sports Sciences’ and Balkan scientific congress ‘Physical Education, Sports, Health’, Sofia, 2019, pp. 393-397. Polimenov, Mincho. "Transfer of Innovation in the Service Technology for Increasing the Restaurant Quality Product." International Scientific journal Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, vol. 1, no. 2, 2019, pp. 29-35. Trendafilov, Dimitar, and Bistra Dimitrova. "Aqua Spinning as Antistress Health Prevention." Sport Mont, vol. 11, no. 37-39, 2013, pp. 467-473.
Traditions and innovations in the manual impacts in recreation and well-being
In today’s modern world people are getting more and more aware of the power of natural remedies or influences. Our ancestors knew how to use the healing powers of nature and how to apply cure from the nature with simple means. Methods: Traditionally, for generations, these experiences have been passed on and preserved. One of the oldest manual methods of exposure is massage. Results: We studying the effectiveness of the massage skills as manual method or chiropractic for the treatment and prevention of many diseases. Itrestores vital energy and overcomes states of fatigue – the result of stress in modern society, chronic diseases, unhealthy lifestyles and the harmful effects of our environment. The leading symptom of illness and injury is pain. By treating the superficial tissues of the human body, especially the reflex zones, it can affect various organs and tissues, reduce the increased muscle tone arising from pathology and trauma, normalize blood and lymph flow, metabolic processes in tissues and to balance the patient’s psycho-emotional state. Over the past decades, a number of studies have been conducted and the positive effects of massage have been proven. References: Filonov, Sergei. Lechenie na organizma sas sobstveni sili. Sofia, 2015, pp. 228-232. Filipov, Nikolai. Med za zdrave i krasota. Sofia, 1991. Goranova, Zoya, Gergina Markova-Stareishinska, and Leila Kraidjikova. Masaj. NSA, Sofia, 2000. Harnish, Gunther. Lecheben masaj s pchelen med. Aquarius, Sofia, 2001. Kraev, Todor. Lecheben masaj i postizometrichna relaksaciq. Sofia, 2016. Lisovski, Petar. Prochistvane i podmladqvane. Sofia, 2009. Mladenov, Stoimir. Pchelni produkti – hrana i lekarstvo. Sofia, 1989. Topuzov, Ivan. Celulitat – harakteristika i kompleksno lechenie. Sofia, 2000. Avram, Mathew M. "Cellulite: A Review of its Physiology and Treatment." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, vol. 6, no. 4, 2004, pp. 181-185, doi:10.1080/14764170410003057. Pinna, Kathryn. Nutrition and Diet Therapy. Wadsworth, 2007. Rossi, Anthony. "A Modern Approach to the Treatment of Cellulite." Dermatologic Clinics, vol. 32, no. 1, 2014, pp. 51-59. Rossi, Ana Beatris R. "Cellulite: A review." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, vol. 14, no. 4, 2000, pp. 251-262.
The study presents the hidden theoretical discourse during the work process on the Tell Yunatsite conservation project1. The article questions some traditional understandings of the conservation of cultural heritage based on a case study of one of the rare prehistoric sites in Bulgaria. What do we conserve here? What is authentic? Is reversibility possible or could we accept the loss? Is it possible to overcome gravity? Could (and should) conservation activities also give meaning of the site to the people? References: Primary sources: Aslan, Zaki. "Protective Structures for the Conservation and Presentation of Archaeological Sites." Journal of Conservation and Museum Studies, 3, 1997, pp. 16–20. Aslan, Zaki, Sarah Court, Jeanne Marie Teutonico, and Jane Thompson. Protective Shelters for Archaeological Sites: proceedings of a symposium (Herculaneum, Italy, 23–27 September 2013). The British School at Rome, 2018. Caple, Chis. Conservation Skills: Judgement, Method, and Decision Making. Routledge, 2000. Cosgrove, Denis. "Should We Take It All So Seriously? Culture, Conservation and Meaning in the Contemporary World." Durability and Change. The Science, Responsibility and Cost of Sustaining Cultural Heritage, edited by W. E. Krumbein, P. Brimblecombe, D. E. Cosgrove, and S. Staniforth, John Wiley, 1994, pp. 259-266. Lowenthal, David. Possessed by the Past. The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History. The Free Press, 1996. The Nara Document on Authenticity, ICOMOS.. 1994, www.icomos.org/charters/nara-e.pdf. Oddy, Andrew and Sara Carroll, editors. Reversibility – Does It Exist? British Museum, Occasional paper, Number 135, 1999. Stovel, Herb. "Origins and Influence of the Nara Document on Authenticity." APT Bulletin, vol. 39, no. 2/3, 2008, pp. 9-17. Viñas, Salvador Muños. Contemporary Theory of Conservation. Elsevier Ltd., 2005. Viñas, Salvador Muños. On the Ethics of Cultural Heritage Conservation. Archetype Publications, 2020. Secondary sources: Boyadzhiev, Yavor, and Kamen Boyadzhiev. "Tell Yunatsite – Archaeological Studies and Perspectives." Balkan Heritage Series – Research 2, in press. Katincharov, Merpert, Titov, Macanova, Abilova 1995: Katincharov R.V., Merpert N.Y., Titov V.S., Macanova V.H., Abilova D.I. Selishtna mogila pri selo Yunatsite (Pazardzhishko), Tom I SHSH, Istoriya na prouchvaniyata, Obshta stratigrafiya, Plast A. Agato. Sofia. Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Kamen Boyadzhiev, Lennart Brandtstätter, and Raiko Krauß. "Chronological Modelling of the Chalcolithic Settlement Layers at Tell Yunatsite, Southern Bulgaria." Documenta Praehistorica, vol. 48, 2021, pp. 2–25. Terzijska-Ignatova, Stoilka. "Late Chalcolithic Zoomorphs from Tell Yunatsite." Prehistoric Trace, edited by Vassil Nikolov, Krum Băčvarov, and Peter Kalchev, Stara Zagora, 2004, pp. 383–390.
Changing Legacies. Urban toponymy in the Balkan capitals in the 90-ies of twentieth century between change and continuity
Analyzing street name changes in comparative perspective in Southeast Europe in the context ofdeep political changes after 1989, the article underlines the significance of this underexplored aspect of symbolic politics. In addition, the article explores the Sofia case through less known archival material. The article shows a break with the pre-1989 model as part of processes of de-communization in the cases of Bucharest and Sofia, with the Romanian capital being characterized with more radical and rapid change. The article shows that in spite of popular perceptions for massive street names change in Sofia directly after 1989 in fact the process of large-scale renaming took place later during the second post-communist administration. In the case of Belgrade, the urban landscape was redesigned later and just a part of the urban symbolic landscape underwent some reassessment. References: Bulgarian State Archive, Regional Archive – Sofia, fond 65, op.15, a.e. 469, 67-88, 105-106. Bulgarian State Archive, Regional Archive – Sofia, fond 65, op.15, a.e. 471, 99-101. Bulgarian State Archive, Regional Archive – Sofia, fond 65, op.15, a.e. 472. Bulgarian State Archive, Regional Archive – Sofia, fond 65, op.15, a.e. 477. Bulgarian State Archive, Regional Archive – Sofia, fond 65, op.15, a.e. 478. Bulgarian State Archive, Regional Archive – Sofia, fond 65, op.15, a.e. 625, 13-17. Bulgarian State Archive, Regional Archive – Sofia, fond 65, op.15, a.e. 626. Bulgarian State Archive, Regional Archive – Sofia, fond 65, op.15, a.e. 628, 147-148. Light, Duncan (2004). Street Names in Bucharest, 1990–1997: Exploring the Modern Historical Geographies of Post-socialist Change. - Journal of Historical Geography, No. 30, 154-172. Light, Duncan, Young, Craig (2014). Habit, Memory, and the Persistence of Socialist-Era Street Names in Postsocialist Bucharest, Romania. - Annals of the Association of American Geographers, No.3, 668-685. Radović, Srđan (2008). From Center to Periphery and Vice Versa: The Politics of Toponyms in the Transitional Capital. - Гласник Етнографског института САНУ, No. 2, 53-74.
Cultural heritage as a resource for local development
The article aims to reveal the socio-economic benefits of an approach to the creation and socialization of the historic complex Tsari Mali grad in the village of Belchin. The data were obtained from interviews and questionnaires among local businesses and visitors to the complex. The results confirm the desired economic and social benefits of the chosen approach to heritage in view of local development. The limitations of the study relate to the small number of interviewed businesses and visitors. Nevertheless, the article contributes to a better understanding of how a cultural heritage that is not of global or national importance can become a resource for local development. References: Alivizatou 2012: Alivizatou, Marilena. Debating Heritage Authenticity: Kastom and Development at the Vanuatu Cultural Centre. International Journal of Heritage Studies, Vol. 18, No. 2, 24-143. Ashworth 2011: Ashworth, Gregory. Preservation, Conservation and Heritage: Approaches to the Past in the Present through the Built Environment. Asian Anthropology, Vol. 10, Issue 1, 1-18. Ashworth 2008: Ashworth, Gregory. How do Tourists Consume Heritage Places? In: Cultural Heritage and Tourism. Potential, Impact, Partnership and Governance. A book on cultural heritage and tourism to inspire policy makers and practitioners at all levels, ed. by Lehtimäki, M., Proceedings of the III Baltic Sea Region Cultural Heritage Forum, Vilnius, 25-27 September 2007. Vilnius, 52-58. Baarveld et al. 2013: Baarveld, Marlijn, Smit, Marnix and Dewulf, Geert. Planning and Commitment in Cultural Heritage Projects. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 3, №. 2, 163-174. Cartmell et al. 2019: Cartmell, Lynn, Herndon, Tonia, Moffatt, Thomas and Lampe, Katy Mike Smaistrla. The Heritage Leadership Process: Exploring Meaning Making and Social Emotional Competencies in Heritage Interpretation and Education for Sustainability. Dissertations, 879, available at: https://irl.umsl.edu/ dissertation/879 (accessed 10 December 2020). De la Torre 2013: De la Torre, Marta. Values and Heritage Conservation. Heritage & Society, Vol. 60, No. 2, 155-166. Dümcke and Gnedovsky 2013: Dümcke, Cornelia and Gnedovsky, Mikhail. The Social and Economic Value of Cultural Heritage: literature review. EENC Paper, available at: https://www.interarts.net/descargas/interarts_2557.pdf (accessed 12 December 2020). Lazrak et al. 2014: Lazrak, Faroek, Nijkamp, Peter, Rietveld, Piet and Rouwendal, Jan. The Market Value of Cultural Heritage in Urban Areas: An Application of Spatial Hedonic Pricing. Journal of Geographical Systems, Vol. 16, 89-114. Lwoga 2018: Lwoga, Noel Biseko. Dilemma of Local Socio-economic Perspectives in Management of Historic Ruins in Kilwa Kisiwani World Heritage Site, Tanzania. International Journal of Heritage Studies, Vol. 24, № 10, 1019-1037. Mason 2008: Mason, Randll. Be Interested and Beware: Joining Economic Valuation and Heritage Conservation. International Journal of Heritage Studies, Vol. 14, Issue 4, 303-318. Nypan 2008: Nypan, Terje. The Economics of Built Heritage. In: Cultural Heritage and Tourism. Potential, Impact, Partnership and Governance. A book on cultural heritage and tourism to inspire policy makers and practitioners at all levels, ed. by M. Lehtimäki. Proceedings of the III Baltic Sea Region Cultural Heritage Forum, Vilnius, 25-27 September 2007. Vilnius, 59-61. Snowball 2008: Snowball, Jeanette D. Measuring the Value of Culture. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74360-6. Tamma 2010: Tamma, Michele. Prodotti culturali e territori: l’immateriale che ‘vive’ nella materialità. Cultura, arte e management: frontiere e connessioni. Atti del Convegno annuale di Sinergie, Università degli Studi di Trento, Sinergie, № 82, 27-46. UNWTO 2018: UNWTO. European Union Tourism Trends, available at: https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10. 18111/9789284419470 (accessed 18 December 22020). Vakhitova 2015: Vakhitova, Tatiana Vadimovna. Rethinking Conservation: Managing Cultural Heritage as an Inhabited Cultural Landscape. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, Vol. 5, Issue 2, 217-228. Valchev 2018: Valchev, Georgi. Heritage ‘Renovation’ or Who and What Makes us Heirs. Seminar BG, special issue, available at: https://www.seminar-bg.eu/spisanie-seminar-bg/special-issue-4/item/540-heritage-%E2%80%9Crenovation%E2%80%9D-or-who-and-what-makes-us-heirs.html, (accessed 12 December 2020).
The professional associations of Balkan foresters until the First World War
The article is devoted to the emergence and development of the modern forestry profession in the Balkans until the First World War. The main focus is on the establishment of professional associations of foresters in the region. The development of forestry services and the education of foresters in the Balkan countries is also discussed. References: Kostov, Alexandre. (2016). Gorskoto delo v Balgariya (1879-1914): institutsionalno izgrazhdane i nabirane na kadri. In: Istorikat – izsledovatel i populyarizator. Sbornik v chest na 70-godishninata na akademik Georgi Markov. Sofia, 102-116. Kostov, Alexandre. (2016). Nachaloto na modernoto gorsko delo na Balkanite: gorski sluzhbi I lesovadno obrazovanie. – Spisanie na BAN, No. 2, 30-38. Đirković, Miloš. (1926). Šumarstvo i šumarske prilike u Srbiji. In: Pola stoljeća šumarstva 1876-1926. Spomenica Jugoslovenskog šumarskog udruženja o slavi njegove pedesetogodišnjice (ed. Aleksandar Ugrenović). Zagreb, 153-164. Dojković, Viljem. (1926). Hrvatsko šumarsko društvo (1871-1921). In: Pola stoljeća šumarstva 1876-1926. Spomenica Jugoslovenskog šumarskog udruženja o slavi njegove pedesetogodišnjice (eds. Aleksandar Ugrenović). Zagreb, 23-36. Dursun, Selçuk. (2007). Forest and the State: History of forestry and forest administration in the Ottoman Empire. Ph.D Dissertation, Institute of Social Sciences, Sabanci University. Istanbul. Giurescu, Constantin. (1980). A History of Romanian Forest. Bucharest. Grίspos, Pάnos. (1973). Δασική ιστορία της νεωτέρας Ελλάδος, Athens. Ivănescu, Dimitru. (1972). Din istoria silviculturii româneşti. Bucharest. Kostov, Alexandre. (2018). Professional Associations of Balkan Engineers until the First World War. – Papers of BAS Humanities and Social Sciences, No. 5(2), 155-169. Özdönmez, Metin, Abdi Ekizoðlu. (1993). Tanzimat ve Meşrutiyet Dönemleri ormancýlýðýnda katkýlarý olan yabancý uzmanlar. – Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University, No. 43(3-4), 57-68. Panagouli, Eleni. (2016). La rencontre de la ville et de la forêt. L’action publique et les territoires de la nature en Grèce. PhD Dissertation, L’École des hautes études en sciences sociales. Paris.
Traditional women’s activities as cultural heritage
The article is dedicated to traditional women’s activities such as spinning, weaving and embroidery. The author presents their main characteristics, as well as their importance in the past when, with her mastery, the woman provided the necessarytextiles for clothing and forthe home. The significance that these women’s activities and the objects created through them had for the social and cultural life of the community is considered the basis for their present recognition as cultural heritage. Both the different types of evaluation of such activities over the years and the artifacts obtained as a result of the activities are outlined, while at the same time the present perception of the activities as intangible heritage and of the resultant objects as a movable cultural heritage is outlined. Attention is additionally paid to the related cultural policies for preservation, as well as to the various actors and institutions involved in the implementation of these cultural policies. References: Dechev, Stefan, Nikolai Vukov. Ot kalpaka do tsarvulite: kak se sazdava bulgarskata natsionalna nosia. In: V tarsene na bulgarskoto: mrezhi na natsionalna intimnost (XIX–XXI vek). Sofia, 159-254. Ivanova, Miglena. Ornamentikata v „ogledaloto“ na ideite i praktikite za eksponirane na Parvoto plovdivsko izlozhenie. – Bulgarski folklor, No. 4, 26-43. Markova, Mira. Panslavizmat, Parvata ruska etnografska izlozhba i myastoto na bulgarite v neya. – Anamneza, No 1-2, 78-99. Mishkova, Iglika. Narodniyat etnografski muzey – misia, ekspozitsia i publika (Ot obosobyavaneto kato samostoyatelen muzey do kraya na Vtorata svetovna voyna). In: Izsledvania na kulturnata pamet, kulturnoto nasledstvo i identichnosti. Sofia, 235-268. Nedkov, Simeon. Muzei i muzeologia. Sofia. Nenova, Stela. Obshtnosti i chitalishtna institutsia v sahranenieto na nematerialnoto kulturno nasledstvo – normativni dokumenti i praktiki. – Bulgarski folklor, No. 1, 32-49. Nenova, Stela. Safeguarding the Cultural Hertage in Chitalishta during the 20th-21th century: Legislation and Practice. In: Safeguarding of Cultural Heritage – Analyses, Documents, Practices. Collection of papers from the scientific conference ‘Safeguarding of cultural heritage – analysis, documents, practices’. Sofia, 203-224. Santova, Mila. Preporaka za opazvane na folklora. – Bulgarski folklor, No. 3, 110-114. Santova, Mila. To Capture the Elusive. Intangible Cultural Heritage. Sofia. Stanoeva, Iva. Za obuchenieto v zhenski deynosti v traditsionnata kultura i v savremennostta. – Bulgarski folklor, No. 1, 43-52. Stanoeva, Iva. Predachka. In: Mitologia na choveshkoto tyalo. Antropologichen rechnik. Sofia, 380-392. Stanoeva, Iva. Takachka. In: Mitologia na choveshkoto tyalo. Antropologichen rechnik. Sofia, 401-413. Stanoeva, Iva. Vezbarka. In: Mitologia na choveshkoto tyalo. Antropologichen rechnik. Sofia, 335-344. Stanoeva, Iva. Chitalishtata i nematerialnoto kulturno nasledstvo – otkrivane na novi poleta. In: Nematerialno kulturno nasledstvo. Aktualni problemi. Sofia, 153-165. Todorov, Delcho. Bulgarskata etnografia prez Vazrazhdaneto. Sofia.
The cultural heritage – a matter of training
In this article, the author discusses the endeavor for a revival of past traditions and for their safeguarding in our contemporary world. What we call cultural heritage is not heritage strictly speaking, but an invented tradition, which we assimilate with certain alteration from the past in order to fit the present and its problems. Outlined is the decisive role of the researchers for defining and safeguarding the cultural heritage, as well as for interpreting it and transmitting it to the next generations through developing institutional policies and educational programs. References: Angelov 1988: Angelov, Angel Valentinov. Razmishlenia varhu traditsiata. – Literaturna misal, №. 10, 71-79. Also in: https://www.academia.edu/25882917/Размишление_върху_традицията (last visited 06.04.2021) Georgieva 2020: Georgieva, Albena. Opazvaneto na traditsiite – znachim aktsent v globalniya svyat. – In: Nina Debryune, Dzheni Madzharov (eds.). Nematerialnoto kulturno nasledstvo – samobitnost, priemstvenost, oporochavane. Sofia: Academic Publishers ‘Za bukvite – O pismeneh’, 10-22. Georgieva, Angelov 1987: Georgieva, Albena, Angelov, Angel. Za neobhodimostta ot teoriya. – Balgarski folklor, № 3, 39-48. Nalbantyan-Hacheryan 2019: Nalbantyan-Hacheryan, Silva. Nematerialno kulturno nasledstvo – politiki i praktiki za negovoto opazvane. Sofia: AP ‘Prof. Marin Drinov’. Zakon 2009: Zakon za kulturnoto nasledstvo: https://www.academia.edu/29734440/ЗАКОН_ЗА_КУЛТУРНОТО_НАСЛЕДСТВО (in Bulgarian, last visited 06.07.2021). http://mc.government.bg/page.php?p=289&s=0&sp=0&t=0&z=0 (in English, last visited 06.07.2021) Georgieva 2017: Georgieva, Albena. Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage in Bulgaria. – In: Intangible Cultural Heritage: Safeguarding Experiences in Central and Eastern European Countries and China. The 10th Anniversary of the Entry into Force of the 2003 Convention through the Prism of Sustainable Development, ed. by Hanna Shreiber. Warszawa: National Heritage Board of Poland, 2017, 238-253. Convention 2003: Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage: https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention (in English, last visited 03.07.2021); http://www.unesco-centerbg.org/wp-new/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Convention-2003-BG.pdf (In Bulgarian, last visited 09.04.2021). Hobsbawm 1983: Hobsbawm, Eric. Introduction: Inventing Traditions. – In: The Invention of Tradition, Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger (eds.). Cambridge University Press, 1-14.
Non-destructive analyses of the colour palette, gilding and varnish of an icon
An icon from the region of Shumen was provided for analysis of the colour palette, the gilding and the varnish coating (supposed to be dammar or mastic) at the Centre for Archaeometry with a Laboratory for Conservation and Restoration (CALCR), University of Sofia. For this purpose selected segments on the surface were studied by non-destructive methods with instruments like: portable X-ray spectrometer Titan S1 Bruker, micro-x-ray fluorescent spectrometer Mistral M1 Bruker, infrared spectrometer with a reflection and absorption variant Alfa II Bruker, Raman spectrometer Bravo1 Bruker. Refernces: Abdel-Ghani, M. (2015). Dating a Coptic Icon of Anonymus Painter by Spectroscopic Study of Pigment palette. – Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, Vol. 15, No 1, 23-37. Coccato, Alessia, Moens, Luc, Vandenabeele, Peter. (2017). On the Stability of Mediaeval Inorganic Pigments: a Literature Review of the Effect of Climate, Material Selection, Biological Activity, Analysis and Conservation Treatments. – Heritage Science, volume 5, 12. Konstantas, Alexander, Karapanagiotis, Ioannis, Boyatzis, Stamatis C. (2021). Identification of Colourants and Varnishes in a 14th Century Decorated Wood-Carved Door of the Dionysiou Monastery in Mount Athos. – Coatings 2021, 11, 1087, 1-12. Mafredas, Thomas. (2017). The Colour Palette in the Byzantine Icons. (LAB COURSE A4). Kalamata. Достъпно на: https://www.academia.edu/31740791/ (accessed: 01.06.22). Medhat, Abdallah, Ali, Mona, Abdel-Ghani, Mona. (2015). Analytical Investigation on a Coptic Wooden Icon from the 18th Century Using SEM-EDX Microscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy. – Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, 15, 1, 151-161. Mekaj, Eglantina, Civici, Nikolla. (2019). Investigation of the Pigments Used in two 16th Century Icons Attributed to Onufri: Non-destructive Analysis by a Portable XRF Spectrometer. – Buletini i shkencave natyrore (University of Tirana) 28, 218-231. Prati, Silvia, Volpi, Francesca, Fontana, Raffaella, Galletti, Paola, Giorgini, Loris, Mazzeo, Rocco, Mazzocchetti, Laura, Samorì, Chiara, Sciutto, Giorgia, Tagliavini, Emilio. (2018). Sustainability in Art Conservation: A Novel Bio-based Organogel for the Cleaning of Water Sensitive Works of Art. – Pure and Applied Chemistry, 90(2), 239-251. Sandu, Irina, de Sa, Helena, Pereira, Manuel. (2011). Ancient ‘Gilded’ Art Objects from European Cultural Heritage: A Review on Different Scales of Characterization.– Surface and Interface Analysis. Tauson, Vladimir R, Goettlinger, Joerg, Sapoznikov, Anatoly N., Mangold, Stefan, Lustenberg, Esfir E. (2012). Sulphur Speciation in Lazurite-type Minerals (Na,Ca) 8Al 6Si 6O 24 2 and TheirAnnealing Products: A Comparative XPS and XAS Study. – European Journal of Mineralogy, 24/1, 133-152.
Wellness culture benchmarking at Preliminary School Bulgarian
The School Wellness Division is regulated by legislative changes in school education, in particular the expected competencies. Key Competence No. 9 requires knowledge, skills for sustainable development, implementation of a healthy lifestyle and sports. In response to the regulations and our motivation from the participation in the project “Building and developing the Center of Excellence” Heritage BG, we are developing a dissertation for the degree of “Doctor of Science” on “Benchmarking of Wellness Culture in Bulgarian schools” in within the project. References: Dimitrova et al. 2018: Dimitrova Bistra, Mincho Polomenov, Vesela Treneva, Irina Nesheva, Vessela Ivanova, Dimitar Trendafilov. Sotsialna znachimost na uelnes (wellness) kulturata: sravnitelen analiz po danni ot nauchni izsledvania na Galap interneshanal. Monografia. Izd. Avangard, Sofia parvo izdanie, 78-92. Dimitrova et al. 2021: Dimitrova, Bistra, Nikolay Izov, Velichka Alexandrova, Rumen Iosifov, Darinka Ignatova, Dimitar Trendafilov, Vasil Petrov, Gergana Vasileva. Smart kognitiven instrumentarium. Vŭnshna otsenka na profesionalni kompetentsii za kadri v Nishov turizŭm. NSA Press: Sofia, 47-72. Kostov 2013: Kostov, Kiril. Nauchnoto izsledvane vav fizicheskoto vazpitanie, sporta i kineziterapiyata (teoretiko-prilozhni aspekti), Blagoevgrad, 27-36. Kostov et al. 2005: Kostov, Kiril, Stoyan, Ivanov, Veselin Margaritov, Boyanka Boeva. Kniga za uchitelya po fizichesko vazpitanie i sport, izd. Prosveta, Sofia. Momchilova 2011: Momchilova Antoaneta. Interaktivni metodi na obshtuvane v obuchenieto po fizichesko vazpitanie i sport – faktor za dvigatelnoto razvitie na podrastvashtite. Nauchni trudove na Rusenskia universitet, tom 50, seria 8.2., 23-29. Nikolov 2011: Nikolov, Georgi. Statistika. VUZF., Sofiya, 23-30. Popov 2003: Popov, Nikola. Lichnosti. Motivatsiya. Sport. NSA-PRES, tom 1, Sofiya. Veselinov 2021: Veselinov, Dimitar. Dialogat v obrazovanieto, Deseti mezhdunaroden esenen nauchno-obrazovatelen forum. Dialogat v obrazovanieto – suvremennost i perspektivi, 11-16. Dimitrova 2020: Dimitrova, Bistra. Relationships Between Education and Innovations in the Recreational Industry in Bulgaria. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 18 (2), 143-149. Dimitrova 2019: Dimitrova, Bistra. Quality Assessment about Standards for Wellness Services and Certified Skills of Specialized Staff. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 17 (2), 143-149. Donev et al. 2019: Donev Jordan, Stoyan Andonov, Stefka Djobova, Jordan Jordanov Donev, Oleg Hristov, Ivelina Kirilova, Stoyan Bahchevanski, Rumen Iossifov, Velichka Aleksandrova, Bogomil Angelov, Nataliq Stoyanova. Comparative study of measuring physical activity among sport students. Original scientific paper. Conference: International scientific congress ‘Applied sports sciences. Balkan scientific congress of physical education, sports and health’, 15 – 16 November 2019, Sofia, Bulgaria. Proceeding book, 369-374. Ignatova, Iliev 2020: Ignatova, Darinka & Alexandar Iliev. Motor Qualities and Their Influence on the Children’s Development. International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, 2, (1-2), 16-44. Ivanova 2019: Ivanova Vessela. Influence of Gymnastic Exercises in the Water Environment. International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, 1 (1), 53-56. Konchev 2019: Konchev Mihail. Big Data, Neural Network and Predictive Analytics: Application in the Field of Sport. International Scientific Congress ‘Applied Sports Sciences’ and Balkan scientific congress ‘Physical Education, Sports, Health’ in Sofia, Bulgaria, 2019, 393-397. Nesheva 2019: Nesheva Irina. Study of Results Between Initial and Final Specific Tests in Women with Normal Pregnancy. Trakia Journal of Sciences. No 17 (2), 135-142. Nesheva 2020: Nesheva Irina. InformationSystem for Inclusion of Women with Normal Pregnancy in Gymnastics Program. ‘Smart Innovations on the Recreative & Wellness Industries and Niche tourism’, Sofia, No 2 (1), 33-39. Trendafilov, Dimitrova 2013: Trendafilov, Dimitar, Bistra Dimitrova. Aqua Spinning as Anti stress Health Prevention. Sport Mont, Vol. XI (37-38-39), 467-473.
a lesson in physical education and sports
Wellness innovations and good aromatherapy practices in Bulgaria
The current study focuses on wellness innovations and good aromatherapy practices demonstrated in the digital presentation of 74 spas and 25 wellness centers included in the National Tourist Register. Aromatherapy methods have an important place in the Bulgarian wellness culture. There is a tendency for the development and application of comprehensive rituals and concepts based on aroma-therapeutic effects. The creative approach in the development and presentation of rituals and procedures with the use of essential oils. The natural products and resources are the conditions for making Bulgaria an attractive Wellness destination for Niche tourism. References: Atanasova-Spasova 1962: Atanasova-Spasova, M. Eterichni masla. Sofiya. Cherneva-Georgieva 2017: Cherneva-Georgieva, Dzheni. Bioraznoobrazie i prilozhenie na lekarstvenite rasteniya ot Severno-Chernomorskite vlazhni zoni v etnobotanikata. Varna. Denkova, Denkov 1999: Denkova, Rumyana, Denkov, Veselin. Narachnik po aromototerapiya. Sofiya. Dimitrova et al. 2021: Dimitrova, Bistra, Nikolay Izov, Velichka Alexandrova, Rumen Iosifov, Darinka Ignatova, Dimitar Trendafilov, Vasil Petrov, Gergana Vasileva. Smart kognitiven instrumentarium. Vŭnshna otsenka na profesionalni kompetentsii za kadri v Nishov turizŭm. NSA Press. Sofiya. Fol 2009: Fol, Aleksandar. Trakiyskata kultura. Kazano i premalchano. Sofiya. Ivanov 2018: Ivanov, Ivan. Lechebnite svoystva na rasteniyata. Sofiya. Garnev 2020: Garnev, Nikolay. Kniga na familniya biznes v Balgariya. Sofiya. Petrovski, Stoyanov 2005: Petrovski, Svetoslav, Stoyanov, Stavri. Eterichni masla i prilozhenieto im v meditsinata i promishlenostta. Sofiya. Prodanova-Stefanova 2021: Prodanova-Stefanova Vanya. Izsledvaniya varhu svoystvata na balgarskite eterichni masla. Yambol. Shniter 2001: Shniter, Mariya. Molitva i magiya. Sofiya. Stoyanova, Georgiev, Atanasova 2007: Stoyanova, Albena, Georgiev, Atanasova, Teodora, Rakovodstvo za laboratorni uprazhneniya po Tehnologiya na eterichnite masla, Plovdiv. Dimitrova, Nesheva 2021: Dimitrova, Bistra, Nesheva, Irina. Research to Improve Health Care for Women with Normal Pregnancy Applying Recreational Wellness Activity. Trakia Journal of Sciences. Supplement, Vol. 19, 684-690. Donev et al. 2019: Donev Jordan, Stoyan Andonov, Stefka Djobova, Jordan Jordanov Donev, Oleg Hristov, Ivelina Kirilova, Stoyan Bahchevanski, Rumen Iossifov, Velichka Aleksandrova, Bogomil Angelov, Natali, Stoyanova. Comparative Study of Measuring Physical Activity among Sport Students. Proceeding book, 369-374.
Cheerleading – a tool to achieve wellness culture in the Bulgarian school
Cheerleading is an interactive tool to motivate young people to a wellness lifestyle. In the subject of physical education and sports they can be practiced as an extracurricular form of education. They contribute to the physical, aesthetic, musical, dance and intellectual development of students. Wellness indicators contribute to a sustainable emotional state with a cheerful, creative spirit, which supports the construction of a positive and stimulating work environment. School Wellness is regulated by the 9th key competence of the student in the Law on Preschool and School Education. References: Dimitrova et al. 2018: Dimitrova Bistra, Mincho Polomenov, Vesela Treneva, Irina Nesheva, Vessela Ivanova, Dimitar Trendafilov. Sotsialna znachimost na uelnes (wellness) kulturata: sravnitelen analiz po danni ot nauchni izsledvania na Galap interneshanal. Monografia. Izd. Avangard, Sofia: 89-104. Dimitrova et al. 2020: Dimitrova Bistra, Pencho Geshev, Vesela Treneva, Vessela Ivanova, Vasil Petrov. Dinamika na indeksite za uelbiyng i shtastie: sravnitelen analiz po svetovna baza danni, saobrazno statisticheski danni ot dokladi na OON. Monografia. Izd. Avangard, Sofia. Dimitrova et al. 2021: Dimitrova, Bistra, Nikolay Izov, Velichka Alexandrova, Rumen Iosifov, Darinka Ignatova, Dimitar Trendafilov, Vasil Petrov, Gergana Vasileva. Smart kognitiven instrumentarium. Vŭnshna otsenka na profesionalni kompetentsii za kadri v Nishov turizém. NSA Pres, Sofia, 58-60. Minkovska 2021: Minkovska, Gergana. Vazpitatelni aspekti na grupovite muzikalno-dvigatelni deinosti pri 6-7 godishni detza. Ph.D Dissertation, SU ‘St..Kliment Ohridski’, 67-69. Nesheva 2010: Petkova-Nesheva, Irina. Baton twirling i majoretki. Sbornik V mejdunaroden nauchen kongres SSA, Olimpijski sport, sport za vsichki. I chast, NSA, Izd. Tip-top press, Sofia, 381-384. Chalakov 2020: Chalakov, Milen. Optimizing the Control of Technical Performance of Forehand Stroke Among 12-years-old Tennis Players Using Martin’s Sigma Method. Trakia Journal of Sciences, No 18 (1), 682-688. Dimitrova 2017: Dimitrova, Bistra. Recreative Industry, Innovations and the Bulgarian Educational Model for Specialised staff. Conference: International Scientific Congress ‘Applied Sports Sciences’. Sofia, 406-410. Donev et al. 2019: Donev Jordan, Stoyan Andonov, Stefka Djobova, Jordan Jordanov Donev, Oleg Hristov, Ivelina Kirilova, Stoyan Bahchevanski, Rumen Iossifov, Velichka Aleksandrova, Bogomil Angelov, Nataliq Stoyanova. Comparative Study of Measuring Physical Activity Among Sport Students. International Scientific Congress ‘Applied Sports Sciences’. 15 – 16 November 2019, Sofia, 369-374. Konchev 2019: Konchev Mihail. Big Data, Neural Network and Predictive Analytics: Application in the Field of Sport. International Scientific Congress ‘Applied Sports Sciences’ and Balkan scientific congress ‘Physical Education, Sports, Health’ in Sofia, Bulgaria, 2019, 393-397. Trendafilov, Dimitrova 2013: Trendafilov, Dimitar, Bistra Dimitrova. Aqua Spinning as Antistress Health Prevention. Sport Mont, No XI (37-38-39), 467-473.
Wellness aqua programs through adapted physical activity and sports for children with special needs
Motor activity practiced by children with special needs can be defined as any activity that adapts to the capabilities of each child, with the main emphasis on physical development and psycho-emotional state. Adapted exercises performed in an aquatic environment as part of wellness practices for children with various disabilities is highly recommended, as they can be modified and adapted for each age at different stages of motor development. Aqua practices are important as they improve the general condition of the child’s body, facilitate daily activities and social interaction and enable independence and safety in the aquatic environment. References: Aleksandrova 2019: Aleksandrova, Velichka. Zdravna prevencia pri deca sas sindrom na Asperger chrez dvigatelna aktivnost vav vodna sreda. Mejdunarodno nauchno spisanie ‘Smart inovacii, rekreativna industria, wellness cultura, nishov turizam’, elektronno izdanie, br. 2, 43-57. Aleksandrova 2021: Aleksandrova, Velichka. Adaptirano pluvane za deca s uvrejdania. Monografia. Aleksandrova, Djobova, Kirilova, Hristov 2017: Aleksandrova, Velichka, Stefka Djobova, Ivelina Kirilova, Oleg Hristov. Adaptirana fizicheska aktivnost i sport. Elektronno pomagalo, NSA, Sofia. Bahchevanski 2019 : Bahchevanski, Stoian. Zanimaniata s vetrohodstvo kato sredstvo za integracia pri deca s uvrejdania. Nauchno-prilojna konferencia ‘Fizicheska aktivnost i zdrave’, Sbornik s dokladi., 77-82, Sofia. Bulgakova 2008: Bulgakova, Natasha. Ozdravitelnoe, lechebnoe i adaptivnoe plavanie. Uchebnoe posobie dla studentov vishee uchebnovo zavedenii. Akademia, Moskva. Carova 2013: Carova, Rosica. Basketbol v invalidni kolichki. Monografia. Sofia, Boulid – ins. Dimitrova et al. 2021: Dimitrova, Bistra, Nikolay Izov, Velichka Alexandrova, Rumen Iosifov, Darinka Ignatova, Dimitar Trendafilov, Vasil Petrov, Gergana Vasileva. Smart kognitiven instrumentarium. Vŭnshna otsenka na profesionalni kompetentsii za kadri v Nishov turizŭm. NSA Press. Sofia. Djobova 2019: Djobova, Stefka. Fizicheska aktivnost I sportive v otkrita vodna sreda pri hora s mentalni uvrejdania. Sbornik s dokladi. Naushno-prilojna konferencia ‘Fizisheska aktivnost i zdrave’, 89-97. Ivkov 2013: Ivkov, Bojidar. Analiz na potrebnostite na horata s uvrejdania ot socialno vkluchvane chrez zaetost. Proekt ‘Ravni vazmojnosti, realizacia, razvitie’, № BG 051Р0001-5.1.05-0008-С0001. Sofia. Kirilova, Djobova, Andondv 2018: Kirilova, Ivelina, Stefka Djobova, Stoian Andonov. Zanimania pri deca sas sindrom na Daun vav vodna sreda – specifichni riskove. Sport i sigurnost, 47-51, Sofia. Nesheva 2019: Nesheva, Irina. Adaptirana dvigatelna metodika sas sredstvata na gimnastika pri hora s uvreden sluh. Nauchno spisanie za Smart inovacii v rekreativnata (Wellness) industria i Nishov turizam, 37-42, Sofia. Nikolova 2011: Nikolova, Maia. Ozdravitelno-reshabilitacionno pluvane. Monografia, NSA PRES, Sofia. Popov, Izov, Andonov 2018: Popov, Ivan, Nikolai Izov, Stoian Andonov. Pluvane. Uchebnik za student ot NSA ‘Vasil Levski’. Sofia. Tumanova 2019: Tumanova, Boriana. Pluvaneto – Sistema na zdravosloven nachin na jivot. Rekreativna & Wellnessindustria I nishov turizam, Elektronno izdanie, br. 1, 11-14, Sofia. Donev et al. 2019: Donev Jordan, Stoyan Andonov, Stefka Djobova, Jordan Donev, Oleg Hristov, Ivelina Kirilova, Stoyan Bahchevanski, Rumen Iossifov, Velichka Aleksandrova, Bogomil Angelov, Natalia Stoyanova. Comparative Study of Measuring Physical Activity Among Sport Students. International Scientific Congress ‘Applied sports sciences. Balkan Scientific Congress of Physical Education, Sports and Health”, 15 – 16 November 2019, Sofia, Bulgaria. Proceedings book, 369-374. Ignatova, Iliev 2020: Ignatova, Darinka, Alexandar Iliev. Motor Qualities and Their Influence on Children’s Development. International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreation, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism, No 2 (1-2), 16-20. Ivanova 2019: Ivanova, Vessela. Influence of Gymnastic Exercises in the Water Environment. International Scientific Journal: Smart Innovations in Recreational, Wellness Industry and Niche Tourism. No 1 (1), 53-56. Nesheva 2019: Nesheva, Irina. Study of Results Between Initial and Final Specific Tests in Women with Normal Pregnancy. Trakia Journal of Sciences, No 17 (2), 135-142. Nesheva 2020: Nesheva, Irina. Information system for inclusion of women with normal pregnancy in gymnastics program. “Smart Innovations on the Recreative & Wellness Industries and Niche tourism”, Sofia, No 2 (1), 33-39. ISSN: 2603-4921. Internet sources: http://www. halliwick.org http://www.jahara.com
Educational activities for safeguarding of the cultural heritage in the chitalishte – problems and perspectives
In Bulgarian among the main institutions directly involved in the safeguarding of cultural heritage – tangible and intangible, are the chitalishta. Many of them maintain museum and archive collections, have an experience in safeguarding and socializating the typical for the village traditions. Various directly educational initiatives such as discourses and workshops are organized, temporary and permanent folklore groups where training takes place in the intangible cultural heritage and where older people pass on the inherited knowledge and skills and young people and children are encouraged to safeguard them. The research will present the main problems in the educational activities developed by the Chitalishta in the field of cultural heritage and will offer possible solutions for overcoming them in the context of the in the Chitalishta legislation and the implementation cultural policies. References: Konvencia 2003: Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage: https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/00009-BG-PDF.pdf Naredba 2009: Naredba 6 za formirane, upravlenie I identifikatcia na muzejnite fondove: https://www.lex.bg/en/laws/ldoc/2135657162 Nenova 2019: Nenova, Stela. Obshtnosti i chitalishtna institutsia v sahranyavaneto na nematerialnoto kulturno nasledstvo – normativni dokumenti i praktiki. – Bulgarski folklore, № 1, 32–49. Nenova 2016: Bulgrian chitalishta and safeguarding of folklore. PhD Dissertation, IEFEM. Sofia. Santova 2014: Santova, Mila. To Capture the Elusive. Intangible Cultural Heritage. Sofia AP ‘Prof. Marin Drinov’. Stanoeva 2021: Stanoeva, Iva. Chitalishta and Intangible Cultural Heritage – Opening New Fields. – In: Intangible Cultural Heritage, Current problems. M. Santova, V. Ganeva-Raycheva i dr. (eds.) 153– 165, Sofia AP ‘Prof. Marin Drinov’. Zakon 1996: Zakon za narodnite chitalishta: https://www.lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2133897729 Zakon 2009: Zakon za natcionalnia arhiven fond: https://www.lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2135557636
Arianism, its role and importance for the development of Christianity and the religious policy of emperors, have been the subject of different studies. However, one important aspect of the history of this heresy remains understudied – the role of the Arian bishops from the Balkans in the development and political influence of this heresy. As early as the first half of the 4th century, Arianism spread throughout the Roman Empire. Many of the bishops of the Balkan Roman provinces sided with the Arians from the beginning of the religious conflict and began to take an active part in theological disputes, but so far their history and the role that they played have not been studies. Six Arian bishops from the Balkans are known to be close advisers to emperors, one of the most educated Christians of their time, charismatic leaders who left behind a literary legacy (which has not reached us) and followers. One of them, Demophilus of Augusta Trayana, managed to rise to the patriarch of Constantinople. The purpose of the proposed report is to present the main activities of Bishops Ursakius of Singidunum, Valens of Mursa, Palladius of Ratiaria, Auxentius of Durostorum, Demophilus of Augusta Traiana and Maximinus of Durostorum, as well as their influence on the development of the Arian conflict. References: Primary Sources: Avksentiy Dorostorskiy. „O vere, zhizni i konchine Ulyfilы“, (per. i komment.) G. E. Zaharova), Vestnik PSTGU. Seria II 4 (41) (2011), 105–116 Actes du concile d’Aquilée, R. Gryson (ed.) [Sources chrétiennes 267] (Paris, 1980), 330-383. Ambrose of Milan Sancti Ambrosi Opera Pars X, Epistulae et Acta Tom. III: Epistularum Liber Decimus, Epistulae extra Collectionem, Gesta Concili Aquileiensis, M. Zelzer (ed.) [Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 82.3], (Vienna,1982) 126-140. Athanasius of Alexandria, Epistula ad Episcopos Aegypti et Libyae, K. Metzler (ed.) Athanasius: Werke I.1 (Berlin, 1996–2000), 39–64. Translated in A. Robertson (ed.) (1892) St. Athanasius: Select Works and Letters, Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 4, (Oxford), 222–235. De fide ad Gratianum Augustum, O. Faller (ed.) [Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 78] (Wien 1962). Dissertatio Maximini contra Ambrosium – Kauffmann, F. (tr.), Aus der Schule de Wulfila, Texte und Untersuchungen zur altegermanidchen Religiousgeschichte. Texte 1 (Strasburg, 1899). Epistulae extra collectionem, M. Zelzer (ed.) [Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 82.3] (Wien, 1982), 145-311. Gesta councilii Aquileiensis, M. Zelzer (ed.) [Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 82.3], (Wien, 1982), 313-368. Gesta councilii Aquileiensis, ed. M. Zelzer [Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 82.3] (Wien 1982), 313-368. Hilarius Pictaviensis, Collectionea antiariana Parisina, ed. A. Feder, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum 65, Wien – Leipzig 1916. Philostorgius, Historia Ecclesiastica, J. Bidez (ed.) (1981) Philostorgius: Kirchengeschichte, GCS, 3rd edn, rev. by F. Winkelmann. P. R. Amidon (tr.) Philostorgius: Church History (Atlanta, Georgia, 2007) Rufinus, Historia Ecclesiastica (Books 10-11) E. Schwartz, T. Mommsen and F. Winkelmann (eds.) (1999), Eusebius Werke, Band 2: Die Kirchengeschichte, 2nd edn, GCS n.f. 6 (Berlin), 957-1040. The Church History of Rufinus of Aquileia, Books 10 and 11, P. R. Amidon (tr.) (Oxford, 1997) Scolies Ariennes sur le concile d’Aquilée, R. Gryson (ed.) [Sources chrétiennes 267] (Paris, 1980), 237–251. Sermo contra Auxentium de basilicis tradendis. (PL. 16. Col. 1049-1062) Sokrates Scholasticus, Historia ecclesiastica, Günther Christian Hansen (ed.), GCS N.F. 1 (Berlin, 1995). Sozomenos, Historia ecclesiastica, Joseph Bidez and Günther Christian Hansen (eds), GCS 50 (Berlin, 1960); Ernst Walford (tr.), The ecclesiastical history of Sozomen, comprising a history of the church form A.D. 324 to A.D. 440 (London, 1855). Theodoret, Historia ecclesiastica, Léon Parmentier and Günther Christian Hansen (eds), Theodoret Kirchengeschichte, GCS N. F. 5, (3rd edn, Berlin, 1998); Blomfield Jackson (tr.), ‘The Ecclesiastical history, dialogues, and letters of Theodoret’, in Henry Wace and Philip Schaff (eds), Theodoret, Jerome, Gennadius, Rufinus: Historical Writings, NPNF 3 (Oxford 1892, repr. 1995), 33-160. Secondary sources: Gerdzhikova 2020d: Gerdzhikova, Zlatomira. Paladiy ot Ratsiaria. Arianskiyat glas ot Balkanite. In: Glasove i slike. Oblici komunikacije na Srednovekovnom Balkanu (IV–XVI vek) Beograd, 19-42. Barnes 1993: Barnes, Timothy. Athanasius and Constantius. Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire. London. Gerdzhikova 2020a: Gerdzhikova, Zlatomira. Ursacius, bishop of Singidunum, and Valens, bishop of Mursa https://labalkans.org/en/labedia/religion/christianity/ursacius-and-velens Gerdzhikova 2020b: Gerdzhikova, Zlatomira. Auxentius, bishop of Durostorum https://labalkans.org/en/labedia/religion/christianity/auxentius-of-durostorum Gerdzhikova 2020c: Gerdzhikova, Zlatomira. Maximinus, bishop of Durostorum https://labalkans.org/en/labedia/religion/christianity/maximinus-of-durostorum Hanson 1988: Hanson, R.P.C. The search for the Christian doctrine of God: the Arian controversy, 318-381 AD. Edinburgh. Kauffmann 1899: Kauffmann F. Aus der Schule de Wulfila. Strasburg. Kelly 1982: Kelly J.N.D. Early Christian Creeds. Routledge. Lenox-Conyngham 1982: Lenox-Conyngham, A. The Topography of the Basilica Conflict of A.D. 385/6 in Milan. – Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, No. 31.3, 353-363. Liebeschuetz 2005: Liebeschuetz John Hugo (ed.). Ambrose of Milan. Political Letters and Speеches. Liverpool, 201–254. McLynn 1994: McLynn, Neil. Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital. California. Teske 2009: Teske, Ronald. Augustine of Hippo: philosopher, exegete, and theologian. A second collection of Esseys. Marquette University Press. Williams 1995: Williams, Daniel. Ambrose of Milan and the End of the Arian-Nicene Conflicts. Oxford. Zeiller 1918: Zeiller Jacques. Les origines chrétiennes dans les provinces danubiennes de l’Empire romain. Paris.